Study On The Role Of Disaster Shelter And Evacuation Road In Emergency Management Of Rural Emergencies

Neikeng Town of Jinjiang City is located in the southeastern coastal seismic zone of Fujian Province.It is affected by destructive earthquakes in the nearby sea and Taiwan and is often a sensational earthquake.It is a representative area often affected by natural disasters such as typhoons and earthquakes on the southeast coast.In the event of natural disasters such as typhoons and earthquakes,Neikeng Town uses shelters and escape routes to divert people and escape from danger.However,it also reveals that shelters and escape channels have limited functions and only serve as "living" functions.This study investigated the basic situation of the existing shelters and escape routes in Neikeng Town through questionnaires and interviews,and analyzed the rural residents,rural cadres,and staff's awareness of the shelters and escape routes,their perception of their functions,and participation in publicity.Exercises,etc.,and analyzed the types of emergency risks and emergency risks in Neikeng Town based on the theory of social risk management.Based on the theory of emergency management,analyze whether the evacuation sites and escape routes play a role and what role they play.The existing problems and reasons for the role of escape channels,sorted out the existing role mechanisms of evacuation sites and escape channels,and proposed that the main reasons for the limited role are the inaction,lack of propaganda and drills of village-level autonomous organizations caused by "the government has everything" The masses lack awareness of disaster prevention,escape routes are occupied,the location of evacuation sites is unclear,and lack of reserves of disaster prevention materials.Based on the analysis of the existing role and reasons of the evacuation sites and escape routes,and combining the characteristics of relevant stakeholders,a new model of the role of the evacuation sites and escape routes in the emergency management of rural emergencies— "Village Committee,the elderly "Meetings + schools + governments + the masses" are mainly to: use village committees and the elderly associations as the main body to motivate the masses;use the school's existing disaster prevention and mitigation training and drills as carriers to build propaganda,education,drills,evacuation,Relief and other platforms;the government is mainly guided and supervised.During the disaster reduction phase,optimize the layout of evacuation sites and escape routes,strengthen publicity and drills,establish emergency mechanisms,give play to the active role of village committees and elderly associations in mobilizing the masses,and use publicity,Education,drills,etc.,as well as the preparation of emergency plans and the design of restoration and reconstruction.At the same time,the village committee,the elderly association or the school designates a person to be responsible for the daily management and maintenance of the shelters and escape routes,and mobilize the villagers and enterprises.And individuals donate funds and materials,multiparty raise funds for disaster prevention and mitigation,and the government provides guidance and supervision and related funding guarantees;in the preparation stage,the government instructs village committees,seniors' associations or schools to make emergency material reserves and equipment purchases.Emergency measures,establish a village-level emergency team,and deepen the ability of evacuation sites and escape routes to provide evacuation,resettlement,and rescue functions;In the response stage,the village committee,the elderly association,the school and the government have done a good job in disaster prevention and relief work,mobilizing all forces and materials,and ensuring that temporary shelters and fixed shelters can provide basic life such as accommodation,accommodation,and emergency power during the disaster.Safeguard function,play the role of emergency rescue,command center,etc.,escape routes can be smooth and timely evacuation of evacuation people to the shelter;During the recovery phase,all parties participate together to carry out home restoration in accordance with the reconstruction plan formulated during the disaster reduction phase.At the same time,it will continue to provide follow-up shelters and basic livelihood security until the restoration and reconstruction of the home is completed.The work of filling up,filling,missing,and leaking materials in the emergency material reserve,and effectively managing and maintaining it in place,giving full play to the role of shelters and escape routes,and providing a certain reference for emergency management in other places.