The Research On The Risk Avoidance In Construction And Operation Of Large Scale Stadiums From The Perspective Of PPP Mode

With the rapid development of sports and the increasing of economic strength in China,more and more international sport events will be held in our country,such as the 2022 winter Olympics.It will bring the problems by new construction,reconstruction and expansion obviously.Meanwhile,the funding problem is coming.Facing the huge fiscal spending,the whole nation and local government have to face and undertake the funding pressure.It is extremely urgent to adopt new mode of investment and financing to construct large scale stadiums.Throughout the the countries with highly developed economy,the mode of investment and financing is diversified,especially the countries with the world advanced level in sports industry.The diversified modes of investment and financing will bring huge economic and social benefits.It provides successful reference for our country to choose the mode of investment and financing to operate large scale stadiums.PPP mode is the common mode of investment and financing internationally.It has the advantages of running by both government and the private together,sharing the risk by both of them,reducing the funding pressure of government and widening the channel of the folk capital.It has become a relatively safe and the mainstream trend of investment and financing mode.But not any infrastructure operation is absolutely safe.there are also some risks.This paper analyses the risk avoidance in construction and operation of large scale stadiums from the perspective of PPP mode.This paper takes the risk of operation of large scale stadiums as research object and states the theoretical basis of PPP mode.It employs the method of literature review,field investigation,expert interview and other research methods.It deeply analyses the existing risk by the related theories.The research conclusion are as follows:1 The operation project of the large scale stadiums faces the risks from the six aspects in political,economic,cultural,social,legal and ecological.It Includes policy interruption risk,market risk,technique risk,law changes risk and so on2 There are foreseeable and unpredictable factors that can lead the risks of large scale stadiums from the Perspective of PPP mode.The foreseeable factors are as follows: The pattern is not mature.The professional talents are lack.The Legal system is not perfect.The operating time is too long.The government supervision is unclear.There are also some unpredictable factors,such as earthquake,fire and changing of law.3 There are both success and failure aspect of the practice of stadiums at home and abroad.Sydney stadium project succeeds in avoiding the risks form business operation,market operation,contribution of combo and clear division of duty between both sides.The national PPP project of stadiums provides the experience from investment and financing mode,attracting foreign funds,lowering tax,government supplying funds and guarantee.There are also some disadvantages of the changing of law risk,society risk,operation risk and overusing budget which lead to the failure of the project.Finally the project fails.Government should establish the legal system and promote role transformation,establish authority and broaden the supporting policies.Private firms should cultivate professional talents,execute the performance appraisal and improve the management level.Both sides need to design the structure of sharing risks,improve information transparency,select service agencies and improve the regulatory system.