Researching Of Traditional Chinese Sports Of Wuling Mountain Area Based On Cultural Geography

The formation and development of traditional ethnic sports is accordance with natural environment,historical change,social development and oth er factors.Boasting a history of thousands of years,traditional ethnic sports are rich in content as well as forms,with a strong ethnic flavour.The Wuling Mountain district is bordering on Hunan,Hubei,Guizhou and Chongqing.There inhabit numerous eth nic groups for generations such as Tujia,Miao,Dong,Bai and so on,leading to bountiful traditional ethnic sport resources.Since Ling Chunsheng and Rui Yifu accomplished The Investigation Report on the Miao Nationality in Xiangxi in the 1940 s,modern ethnic study in Wuling Mountain District has come to the spotlight.With ethnic study booming today,Bai Jinxiang,Tian Zuguo,Wan Yi,Long Peilin,Liu Shaoying,Xiang Jiang,etc.,have carried out a comprehensive empirical study on traditional national sports culture,sport travel and the inheritance and preservation of sport programs in the perspective of ethnic sports in the Wuling Mountain district,which has made trementdous research achievements,and has laid a solid theoretical foundation for further traditional ethnic sport research with the research in the Wuling Mountain district as a sample.Any culture is bred in and indispensable of a certain geological environment,a basic element of culture.Noguchi Hoichiro,a Japanese scholor,wrote in An Introduction to Human Geography,“As life in the mountain is short of chances to learn from each other,inhabitants of the mountain are distinctly different from those of the plains.Inhabitants of the mountain reserve special custom,habits,temperament,language but lack in entrepreneurial spirit.Conservative and isolated as they are,they often become fugitives in the mountain to live a sequestered life once in competition with or defeated by other ethnic groups on the plains.” As a special form of ethnic culture,the sport culture of ethnic groups must follow the rules of culture development.In its forming and developing process,the sport culture of ethnic groups is inevitably greatly influenced by natural environment.The status quo shows that the cultural geography study on traditional ethnic sports still remains superficial,lacking in thorough and systematic study.Therefore,a study on traditional ethnic sports in the perspective of cultural geography theories may enrich the forms of national cultural research in a certain region.With literature analysis,field investigation,expert interviews and oral history research adopted,this thesis makes a thorough inquiry of the formation and development mechanism of traditional ethnic sports under the backgr ound of complicated regional geological conditions,diverse cultural characteristics and wide distributed ethnic groups in the perspectives of the forming foundation,development approaches,patterns,forms and system constitution of traditional ethnic spo rts in the Wuling Mountain district,with an aim to probe into the sustainable development of traditional national sport culture.The paper manages to interpret the external representation and the inherent culture elements of ethnic sports,and reveal the latent social functions and symbolic meanings,and put forward inheritance,preservation and development strategies with an analysis of the relations between traditional ethnic sports and the geological environment.The main conclusions are as follows:The five core elements of cultural geography are the main theoretical bases of this thesis.First,in the field of cultural hearth,geological environment is a key factor of culture origin.In the perspective of culture origin,Wuling Mountain doesn't possess the elements to give birth to core culture.Under the background of multi-nationality,the formation of culture in the Wuling Mountain district is closely related to the natural environment and ethnic inheritance.In the miserable ethnic memory,the main factors influencing the formation and development of traditional ethnic sports in the Wuling Mountain district are warfare,belief in gods,worship of ancestors,interaction between men and nature,integration of ethnic groups.Second,in the field of culture diffusion,relocation diffusion and expansion diffusion are two kernel bodies.Besides the influence of natural environment,ethnic belief,ethnic migration and other factors also exert great influence on the formation of sports culture in the Wuling Mountain district.Though people live in the same area,sports activities with ethnic characteristics came into being due to distinction in belief.In addition,with ethnic migration,cultural activities with national features fo rmed on the basis of foreign cultural characteristics.Third,in the field of cultural region,the Wuling Mountain district was considered as an uncivilized region in history.It's a big area inhabited by several nationalities.It is a representative research to show the pattern of traditional ethnic sports in the Wuling Mountain district in the perspectives of nationality,project characteristics and beliefs.Fourth,in the field of cultural landscape,landscape classification is merely a basic form to know about sport events.To better classify the sports cultural landscape of different ethnic groups in the Wuling Mountain district,we can divide the landscape into several kinds,sports cultural landscape of festivals,sports cultural landscape of stockaded villages and sports cultural landscape of tourism.The symbolic features and reading types of sports landscape show the basic characteristics of traditional sports culture.Fifth,in the field of cultural ecology,the basic framework is the ecosystem of traditional ethnic sports,which is mainly manifested by traditional ethnic sports and man-earth relationship with ecological characteristics of diversity,otherness and desirability.In recent years,we have to take the inheritance and preservation of traditional ethnic sports culture seriously.Though some measures are adopted in different fields,the status quo is far from optimistic.It's mainly due to the The main factor is the conflict of culture diffusion,the development defect of national tradi tional sports in cultural region,limitations of subjective factors in the field of culture and ecology.Contradiction and conflict in cultural diffusion is an issue that can not be ignored.It's mainly reflected on the impact of modern sports culture,dist inction in values,the loss of development direction.Other factors include the rapid development of society,the lack of inheritors,the increase of aged population and the imbalanced development of economy.The lack of consciousness and conception has become a key factor which influences the inheritance and development of traditional ethnic sports.The construction of the preservation modes of the traditional ethnic sports culture in the Wuling Mountain district has become a major impetus for future development.The formal method of innovation culture diffusion can creatively expand the space,such as in macro-control in politics,the innovation of forms and methods.The adoption of effective methods is the most direct method as to systematic planning and accurate positioning,expanding communication space with new media.The national brand “quietness” can be formed through forming sports cultural landscapes from the perspectives of tourism,festive activities,school education and public physical training.The forming of cultural brands and the establishment of inheritance platforms are the creation and sublimation of preservation modes.Distinct characteristics and customs in different villages should be featured in the ethnic culture system of Wuling Mountain.To treat traditional sports as as a cultural brand of the region can not only polish up the cultural image and improve the popularity of the region,but also boost the development of local economy and bring benefits to the national strategy of targeted poverty alleviation.In this way,we can also take advantage of the popularity,peculiarity,and nationality of traditional ethnic sports to make sports cultural brands,construct life-oriented preservation modes,set up inheritance bases and form a multidimensional preservation framework of traditional ethnic sports culture.