| With the gradual disappearance of China's demographic dividend,the comparative advantage it brings to international trade has gradually weakened,at the same time,the aging of the population has brought a series of problems,which not only affect the reduction of the number of labor force,but also cause the advantage of low labor cost to disappearance gradually for a long time in our country.In this context,it is necessary to consider the rational allocation of labor resources and create a new labor dividend.However,the transport service industry is a labor-intensive industry,which acts as a bridge between trade in goods and services,but it is in a chronic state of deficit,stimulating exports can slow down the deficit,export is closely related to production,and production depends on the labor resources of the industry.Therefore,to study the labor force structure of transport service industry,to find out the direction of the rational allocation of labor resources,to promote the export of transport service trade,and then to study the trade deficit in transport service,even for the development of international trade provides a new perspective.Based on the previous research literature,this paper finds that there are few researches on the labor force factors that affect the trade in transport services,and few scholars are involved in the analysis of the labor force structure of the international trade.This paper analyzes the export of China's transport service trade from the angle of labor force structure.This article divides the labor force structure into the labor force gender structure,the labor force age structure,the labor force quality structure,then,referring to the theory of comparative advantage,the gift theory of production factor,the theory of national competitive advantage and the theory of international trade in labor economics,this paper constructs the influence mechanism of the change of labor force structure on the export of transport services trade.The gender structure of labor force affects the trade export from three aspects:industrial development demand,competitive savings,labor cost.The age structure of labor force affects the export of trade from four aspects:labor productivity,labor cost,effective supply of labor,input of enterprise human capital.Labor quality structure from labor productivity,labor cost,technology absorption and innovation affect trade exports.Through the analysis of the current situation of China's transport services trade,it is found that the total volume of trade has increased rapidly,the proportion of trade in services has decreased slightly,the export has maintained a rapid growth,and the perennial deficit has been maintained.Based on the analysis of the present situation of labor force in transport service industry in China,it is found that the increase rate of labor force is slow,the gender structure is out of balance,the aging is intensified,and the quality of labor force is not as good as the national average.Then,this paper makes an empirical analysis of the impact of these problems on the export of transport services.The empirical analysis shows that the male labor force in the transportation service industry has a positive effect on the trade export.The contribution of the middle-aged labor force to the export is the most,the adverse effect of aging is not yet obvious,and the quality of the labor force also has a positive effect.At last,some policy suggestions are put forward from three aspects of labor force to realize the optimal allocation of labor resources and promote the export of transport service trade. |
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