Thrust And Drag:How The Pea-Sant Collective Protest Action Is Resolved?Take Case Of A Protest Incident By Land

In the developmental process of urbanization,more and more farmers lose their land.When farmers lose their land,their rights and interests are not guaranteed,then many conflicts arise.At present,the research of collective action of peasants is more concerned with the formation mechanism and strategy of action,neglecting the direction of action about the success or retreat relatively.By using a protest incident of land-lost farmer in S village of Guangxi as the object of field research,this paper mainly studies the problem of how the collective action of peasant is solved.This paper draws on the theoretical ideas of the studies of social movements and collective action results,and takes the three elements,organization,strategy and political opportunity,as the starting point.Combining with the specific situation of peasants'collective protest,this paper puts forward two paths to analyze the causes of the retreat of peasants' collective action,which are the "thrust" and "drag" of the protest action.In order to achieve some kinds of goal,the farmer tries to push the protest to success in some way,then the thrust of the protest action is produced.The object of the peasants' protest is the government,who will be give some response or no response to the peasants' protest,in order to achieve some kinds of political goal,and some of the existing institutional settings will also limit farmers' protest,then the drag of the protest action is produced.The thrust size of peasants' collective protest action depends on the organizational level and the strategy of protest.The size of the drag depends on the number of political opportunities.The organization level mainly reflects the degree of farmers' solidarity and cooperation.Based on the four categories of the organization level by Feng shizheng,this paper puts forward four aspects to measure the organization level of peasant collective protest,protest leaders,protest members,protest cohesion and protest resources.The strategy of protest reflects the peasants' means of protest,including two dimensions,the protest words and actions.Political opportunities reflect the degree of political environment's openness,including two dimensions,political channels and government responses.The research shows that the peasants' collective protest action has the characteristics of small scale and single structure in members,lack of resources,limited fighting cohesion and the timely withdrawal of protest leaders.The level of weak organization will further influence the farmers' cognition of the protest situation,what The idea that "the arm is untwisting the thigh" makes the farmers less dynamic to protest.The peasants'protest strategy has the characteristics of conservative speechand moderate action,which named strategy of flexible protest in this article,makes peasants'collective protest easy to be regarded as a unimportant problem by the government,also makes the power gap between peasant and "obstructive forces"that the protest action is easy to disintegrate,so that farmers protest against inefficiency.The lack of openness in political channels and the government's negative reaction to the peasant collective protests,have made the institutionalized expression of the peasants ineffective and collective protest frustrated,so that the political environment of the peasant collective protests is unfavorable.Based on the analysis path of "thrust" and "resistance",two basic conclusions are drawn.First,the weak organization level and flexible protest strategy of peasants'collective protest lead to insufficient thrust.Second,the lack of openness in political channels and the government's negative response reflect that the political opportunities for peasants' collective protests are more closed,and the protest is met with great drag.The thrust of the protest action is small and the drag is large,which is the possible reason why the peasants' collective protest moves towards the dissolving.