~1H-NMR Study Of The Effect Of Astaxanthin Supplementation On Urine Metabolism In Fatigue Rats

Objective: To study the effect of increasing load to fatigue on the metabolomics of rat urine.Methods: 32 healthy male SD rats at week 7 were weighed between 180 and 200 g.After adaptived feed for four days before the formal experiment,rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group(Group C,n=8),the medicine administration group(Group M,n=8),exercise group(Group E,n=8),medicine administration and exercise group(Group EM,n=8).The formal experimental exercise consists of three cycles,vand each cycle lasts 7 days.Rats swim for 1.5 hours every afternoon in the first cycle,and 3 hours every afternoon in the second cycle,and 3h in the morning and afternoon respectively for third cycle.During formal swimming,the rats were given gavage administration of astaxanthin at a dose of 6.6 mg/kg every morning from 8:00 to 9:00(astaxanthin in combination with soybean oil).Urine collection was performed after the last exercise,and 1H-NMR was performed after sample treatment.Mestrenova,SIMCA-P,Excel,etc.were used for processing and analysis to find differential metabolic markers.Results:(1)Betaine(P<0.05),taurine,creatine and creatinine(P<0.01)levels was increased in urine of rats in Group E compared with Group C;?-hydroxybutyrate,succinate,Glutamine,?-alanine and citric acid(P <0.05),?-ketoglutarate and aspartate(P <0.01)levels was decreased.(2)Compared with Group M,EM group had lipid,citric acid,succinic acid(P<0.05),?-ketoglutaric acid and ?-alanine(P<0.01)levels decreased in urine;The level of creatine rises(P<0.05);And(2)as compared with(1),whether these substances increase or decrease,and the magnitude of change was reduced.(3)Compared with Group E,the levels of ?-hydroxybutyric acid(P<0.01)in urine increased and the levels of lactic acid(P<0.01)decreased in Group EM.(4)The PLS-DA analysis of the whole group in this experiment can be clearly distinguished,but the validation of the model in the PLS-DA analysis of the Group M and the Group C is not established.Conclusion:(1)Lipids and amino acids were depleted,and the concentration of phosphatase substrates were increased in exercise-induced fatigue on rats.(2)The energy consumption caused by simple exercise-induced fatigue was more influential by astaxanthin-supplemented rats on exercise-induced fatigue.(3)Supplementation of astaxanthin can increase body lipid consumption on exercise-induced fatigue rats,and has a scavenging effect on lactic acid and promote the recovery of body fatigue.