Research On Enrollment Policy Of Special Plan Of Colleges And Universities In China

With the phenomenon of "hard to cultivate talent for poor families" aroused the public’s attention day by day,the issue of educational equality has being going into the public view gradually.The equality of education is the important foundation to realize social justice,and the key is the equality of opportunity.Owing to the fact that the proportion of rural student in key universities is getting lower and lower,the government issued the policy of “the special plan of colleges and universities”(The Plan)in 2014.This policy implemented by 95 key universities and aimed at recruiting rural students from remote and poor areas,as well as ethnic areas.Based on the Rawls’ s theory of Justice,the Plan of colleges and universities is actually a compensation policy for acess to high-quality universities for the poor in vulnerable areas.Based on the data from 95 key universities and regional statistical data from 2015 to 2017,this paper first analyzes the policy text of the Plan of colleges and universities in order to understand the goal of the policy,the object and process of enrollment,the method of enrollment and the status of the implementation.Secondly,this paper studies universities’ allocation of enrollment quota for the Plan,and carry out accuracy analysis of compensation opportunities in the regional aggregated perspective.Results show that,the number of enrollment and admission,in general,is increasing year by year from 2015 to 2017.At the same time,the number of students enrolled in a number of colleges and universities has also risen year by year.This policy has indeed increased the proportion of rural students entering key universities.In addition,key universities make the decision on the enrollment method,to select students either based on quotas in the whole country(“admission throughout the country”)or based on the provincial quota allocation(“admission through provincial allocation”).At present,more and more colleges and universities have adopted the latter enrollment method.Compared with "admission throughout the country",the latter could effectively implement the specific plan and achieve the goal of compensation.With regards to the regional inequality on economics and education,evidences indicate that the proportions of aged rural population obtaining the compensation opportunities is getting higher and higher,and the implement of the Plan are relatively fair in the central region.In a word,the Plan of colleges and universities shows excellent performance to help the poor obtain the high-quality universities opportunity.However,there are some problems in the implementation process of the special plan,such as producing vacant quotas in the enrollment process of some key universities.The main reason is that the basic education in this area is weak and students’ achievements in the college entrance examination could not meet the minimum requirements.Although the key universities adopting the method of "admission through provincial allocation" will take into account the economic and educational differences among the provinces,results show that the provincial allocation of the quota in the plan was highly relied on the path for each univerisities to allocate the completely undergraduate quota.To a certain extent,universities did not allocate the appropriate compensation quota to the most needed areas.Therefore,the author suggested that,the key universities should increase the credit to the rural students who are living the disadvantaged areas with low level of basic education,in order to increase the proportion of the rural student entering into the key universities,and reduce the occurrence of the vacancy in key university’s enrollment plan.Besides,the author suggested that government shoud provide universities with a more specific macro reference standard that different provinces shoud be allocated how much proportion of the enrollment quota.It will be helpful to compensate the poor rightly,to get the targeted poverty accurately,and to narrow the inequality of opportunities among provinces gradually.