A Comparative Study On The Educational Competitiveness Of The First-class Universities In China And The United States

The creation of world class universities has caused a wave of heat in the field of higher education,and governments in various countries have promulgated a series of policies to promote their higher education development and enhance their international competitiveness in higher education.At the same time,different university ranking index systems emerge as the times require.Governments,employers,parents and students try to measure the international competitiveness of a university through the international ranking of schools.In order to further understanding between universities and world-class universities in the gap,this study will select nine universities in our country 985 project construction of the first batch(hereinafter referred to as "C9 University")and the Ivy League University(referred to as "IVY University")the 17 is a representative of the University as the research object,analysis the QS world university rankings,in the times world university rankings,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Academic Ranking and US NEWS best global university rankings of the four basic authority system,and from the specific indicators,ranking the average rank growth competitiveness and in-depth analysis of the three aspects of constructing the first-class university rate,summarize the experience of the United States,summarized the development and perfect the beneficial experience in the "double top" in the process of the construction of our country.Combined with the performance of C9 University and IVY University in the four ranking systems,we can see that there is a certain gap between C9 University and IVY University,but the gap between them has been shrinking as time goes on.From the average ranking of competitiveness results,both in which an evaluation index system,between China C9 University and IVY University in the United States are generally in the gap of more than 100;from the growth point of view,China C9 University in almost every university rankings showed a positive growth trend,while the United States IVY University rankings change the tendency is not obvious.After comparing the see through different indexes,the quality of education in our country,only meeting in C9 university performance indicator of the quality of teaching good,far more than the average American University IVY value in reflecting the overall ranking of the teacher-student ratio index,and reflect the quality of teaching,reputation,PhD / Bachelor's degree ratio,publications the book,index and reflect the students' quality won the Nobel award and the Fields prize alumni equivalent to the number of the performance is not ideal,can not surpass the United States University of IVY average value;in the quality of teachers,teachers in C9 universities in China reflect the level of per capita income,division division are better indicators of research funding,Peking University and Tsinghua University in the scores are beyond the average value of IVY University in the United States,but in the Award index to reflect the teacher awards and reflect the teachers Reference HiCi index on the level of poor performance,far lower than the average value of IVY University in the United States,the main problem for the high level of teacher shortage,lack of funds and teachers wages low enough;in scientific research,China's C9 University reflects the research productivity division were research paper number and PUB index performed better in Peking University division were the number of research papers on the index score is far beyond the average value of American IVY University,Shanghai Jiao Tong University in the PUB score than the average American IVY university.The influence of reference in scientific research division were the reflection rate,FWCI index,China's C9 University and IVY University in the United States the average level of the gap is not large,but the normalized citation impact index to reflect the scientific research on the influence of China's C9 University's performance is far behind the United States University of IVY.In terms of academic reputation,research reputation,global research reputation index and regional research reputation index,the performance of C9 University in China is quite satisfactory,especially in Peking University and Tsinghua University.In the four indicators reflecting the excellence of N&S,the number of highly cited papers,the percentage of publications and the proportion of highly cited publications,the performance of C9 University in China is lagging behind the average value of IVY University in the US.In the reflection of the excellence of the research the number of highly cited papers,the total citation frequency,the number of highly cited publications in China's C9 index,the performance is also an ideal university,Peking University and Tsinghua University are beyond the average value of IVY University in the United States;on the international level,in addition to Chinese C9 university is better in the international the cooperation index,in the three indicators of the international number of teachers,the number of international students,international perspective,China's C9 University and IVY University in the United States the average gap.The construction of "double class" university is not easy,in order to reduce China's C9 University and the University of world class gap,mainly start from the following aspects: first,the cultural construction of higher education quality,adjust and optimize the structure of higher education;second,improve the teachers' income and status,the establishment of a high level of teachers;third,enhance the ability of independent innovation,improve the scientific evaluation system;fourth,expand the opening to the outside world,the formation of Chinese language discourse.