Impact Of FDI On Manufacturing Employment Structure From The Perspective Of Industry Heterogeneity

In the 2018 "Government Work Report",the general requirements for economic and social development and policy orientation in 2018 mentioned that we must further promote the steady growth of foreign investment,and strengthen the interconnection with international economic and trade rules.In the field of manufacturing,we mentioned the need to fully open up the general manufacturing industry and expand the opening up of telecommunications,medical care,education,and new energy vehicles.Using new technologies,new business models,and new models,we will vigorously transform and upgrade traditional industries and further promote supply-side structural reforms.Combining the current development status in China,manufacturing industry is the foundation of China's economy.After the economy entered the "New Normal," the manufacturing industry is faced with new challenges of transformation and upgrading,and the unreasonable employment structure of the manufacturing industry has also become the focus of current scholars' concern and research.At present,China's manufacturing employment structure has problems such as low skill structure and unreasonable gender structure.To a certain extent,there is a "out of line" with the adjustment and upgrade of the manufacturing industry structure.In 2017,the actual amount of foreign capital used in the manufacturing industry accounted for 25%of the total foreign investment,compared with 43.22%of total foreign investment actually used in the manufacturing industry in 2010.In the context of the continuous decline in the proportion of foreign capital actually used in the manufacturing industry,the stable absorption of foreign capital and the enhancement of foreign investment and quality will affect China's manufacturing industry in terms of structural upgrading,employment stability and improvement of people's livelihood.In view of this,based on the heterogeneity perspective of the manufacturing industry,this paper explores the impact of FDI on the employment skills structure and employment gender structure of manufacturing industries,and empirically examines the impact of FDI on the employment of high-tech and low-tech industries in manufacturing,and promotes China's employment structure,optimization and upgrading of industrial structure,maintaining high-quality economic growth,and effectively improving the quality and efficiency of China's foreign investment introduction have important theoretical and practical significance.This article first sorts out relevant literature on the structure of skills and gender structure in the employment structure affected by FDI,and proposes innovative points and research's directions.Secondly,on the basis of combing and analyzing the related theories of FDI and employment skill structure and employment gender structure,the transmission mechanism of FDI to influence the employment structure of the manufacturing industry is elaborated.In the light of China's actual situation,the paper further analyzed the current situation of FDI inflows in China and the employment skills structure and gender structure of manufacturing industries,and explored the applicability of related theories in explaining the impact of FDI on changes in the employment structure of manufacturing industries in China.Again,based on the industry heterogeneity perspective,this paper select the panel data of the manufacturing industry segmentation industry,and empirically test the impact of manufacturing FDI inflows on the employment skills structure and gender structure of manufacturing industries through FGLS.Finally,this paper makes conclusions based on theoretical analysis and empirical results,and puts forward relevant policy recommendations.In terms of theoretical analysis,this paper first explains the impact of FDI on the employment structure under the global economic background based on the traditional H-O-S theory.However,due to its limitations on the interpretation of the developing countries,this paper further proposes two related theories that are more applicable to developing countries:First,the technical biased technical progress hypothesis proposed by technological progress induced by FDI,and secondly,the outsourcing theory proposed by the change of trade scale caused by FDI.Then based on the above theory,the paper proposes that FDI in developing countries influence the transmission mechanism of employment structure.Combined with the development status of China's FDI and employment structure,the paper found that the early inflow of FDI helps promote the rapid development in the manufacturing industry and provides a large number of job opportunities for the low-skilled labor force and the female labor force.However,with the changes in trade scale and technological advances brought about by FDI inflows,the flow of FDI has also changed,eventually changing the demand for heterogeneous labor.This paper considers that the influence of manufacturing FDI inflows on China's manufacturing employment skills structure and gender structure,the positive effect is greater than the negative effect,and ultimately play a positive role in promoting the optimization of China's employment structure.In empirical analysis,the results show that the influx of FDI will have a positive effect on the employment skills structure and gender structure in the manufacturing industry,verifying the previous theoretical hypothesis.From the perspective of corporate heterogeneity,the impact of FDI on the employment structure of low and medium skilled industries is greater than that of high-skilled industries.Finally,combined with theoretical analysis,the paper proposes policy recommendations to give full play to the positive effects of FDI on employment structure:actively guide the flow of FDI,effectively control the negative effects,and promote manufacturing R&D innovation and ensure the employment of low-skilled women.The overview of the full paper,this article also has some deficiencies.First,there is a lack of systematic theoretical research on the impact of manufacturing's FDI and employment structure and related theoretical research on the relationship between FDI and gender employment.There may have some flaws and loopholes in the theoretical analysis and mechanism combing of this article.Second,due to the availability of relevant data and changes in statistical calibers,some of the data in the empirical analysis section of this paper adopts an approach of approximate substitution,which may have certain problems in accuracy,and then have a certain impact on the empirical results.