Preliminary Research On Hu Shi's Educational Ethics

Hu Shi is an influential educator,thinker and spiritual leader of the New Culture Movement in China's modern history.He has made outstanding contributions to the transformation of China's educational modernization.The prevailing trend of thought of saving the nation through education in the late Qing Dynasty and the traditional academy culture in Huizhou laid a solid foundation for Hu Shi's educational ethics.Hu Shi has received a good education since childhood.His mother attaches great importance to the education and the teaching of private school teachers,which makes him realize the significance of education and reading.When he was a teenager,he studied in a modern school in Shanghai,which gave birth to the germination of progressive ideas such as educational independence and democracy.During his study in the United States,Hu Shi felt the superiority of Western civilization over his own culture.In order to change the poor situation of the motherland,he devoted all his life to the cause of education and culture,and advocated the democratic,departmental and experimentalist innovation of education.In theory,Huxley's scepticism and Dewey's pragmatism educational philosophy constitute the most important philosophical basis of Hu Shi's educational ethics.Independent equality of academic personality and utilitarianism are the most remarkable ethical characteristics of this thought.Hu Shi's educational ethics represents Hu Shi's organic unity of the relationship between education and its practical virtue,which has rich connotations.The main contents are as follows:Firstly,democratization of education is the proper meaning and development direction of the goodness of education system,and the fair and equal distribution of educational rights is the ethical basis.It is the responsibility of the social community to provide compulsory education,which is the lowest required public educational product,so that the gifts and potentials of every citizen can be fairly developed through universal cultural benefits.Hu Shi opposed the allocation of educational resources on the basis of congenital conditions.He was in favor of the examination system and stressed that equal opportunities were not absolutely equal.His educational ethics also embodies gender equality.In his early years,he regarded women's education as a necessary means of raising children and identifying with the basic way of "separate education for men and women".Later,his thoughts changed profoundly.He not only emphasized that women's education should aim at "cultivating women's independent personality",but also put forward the idea of "co-education of men and women",which laid the ideological foundation for the realization of co-education and co-cultivation of men and women in our school education.In theory,Hu Shi's democratic view of educational equity has both utilitarian value and justice virtue.It not only takes pragmatism teleology as the mainstream,but also includes compulsory concern for educational human rights.This has enlightening implications for strengthening the inclusiveness and public welfare of social education resources and promoting the historical process of social democratization.Secondly,universities should maintain a relatively independent relationship with external factors such as economy,politics and culture in terms of school governance and academic research,and pursue an independent,free,open and inclusive ethical spirit.University autonomy under the independence of education aims at avoiding undue interference from the social community,which has its progressive significance,but tends to go to the extreme of "anarchism" in education.At the same time,universities should encourage teachers and students to study independently,tolerate well-founded differences of opinions,advocate a free and democratic school style and style of study.To this end,universities should not stick to the same pattern to recruit famous teachers,cultivate young talents,inclusion of eccentrics with genius and learnin.Hu Shi's educational practice basically conforms to the above concept.Thirdly,in the teaching relationship,both teachers and students should jointly carry out pragmatism-oriented "life-based teaching",that is,starting from the reality of life and solving practical difficulties.This is a sublation of the traditional education which separates school from social life.Secondly,teachers are models for students,and selfeducation is the foundation of teachers' morality.Teachers should cultivate good moral character and set up the ideal of "love independence and freedom" professional personality and pass it on to students.Thirdly,students' duty is to learn,and they must be integrated into the three "academic life" of learning,group and social service to achieve all-round development of quality.Therefore,students should have independent academic personality and consciously develop critical learning methods.At present,Hu Shi's ethical thought research has achieved a lot,but the related educational ethics is relatively weak,and the specialized and systematic postgraduate dissertation has not yet appeared.This paper attempts to explore Hu Shi's educational ethics thought comprehensively,which is helpful to promote the innovation and development of Hu Shi's ethical thought research.The research hopes to face the future based on textual historical data.