| The reserve of high-quality reserve talents is the basis for the development of competitive sports.Although Shanghai has a good material and cultural foundation,it has a relatively small population base compared with other provinces,which limits the number of reserves of reserve talents for swimmers in Shanghai.The Shanghai men's freestyle swimmers were tested and the results were analyzed mathematically.It is important to find out the characteristics of the body shape and function of the outstanding freestyle swimmers in Shanghai,and to establish the index of selection of men's freestyle swimmers.It is of great significance for the coaches to understand the rules of body shape and function of freestyle swimmers.At the same time,it provides reference for the selection of swimming athletes in China,and provides a basis for the implementation of scientific selection.The improvement of the accuracy of material selection can effectively improve the quality and quantity of swimming reserve talents.It saves unnecessary manpower and material expenditures and concentrates on developing high-quality and high-potential talents.This is of great significance to improving the quality and quantity of reserve talents of swimmers in Shanghai and even in China.This study takes the characteristics of body shape and function of Shanghai men's freestyle swimmers as the research object.Using literature method,interview method,sports measurement method and mathematical statistics method,49 male freestyle swimmers over 16 years old in Shanghai were used as samples to analyze the body shape and functional characteristics of male freestyle swimmers,which provided the basis for the selection of swimmers.Research result:1.The basic situation of the sample in this study.The average age of athletes in all grades of the sample has reached adulthood.The average age of athletes in excellent group is 19.69 years old,and the average age of general athletes is 18.6 years old.The average training period for the excellent group to reach the level of training is 9.94 years,and the average training period for the general group to reach the level is 9.74 years.2.The results of the growth and development indicators of male freestylers showed that(1)the height,weight,chest circumference and Wilvik index of the growth and development showed that the excellent group was larger than the general group,and both groups were larger than the national physical fitness monitoring standards.(2)The results of physiological age test showed that the excellent group athletes had a bone age of 17.86 years,and the general group athletes had a bone age of 17.52 years old,all of which were close to adulthood.The developmental level of pubic hair of the two groups of athletes has reached the highest level of III degrees,and the degree of testicular development has reached more than IV.3.Test results of body shape indicators of men's freestyle swimmers(1)Basic indicators: The height and height of the excellent group are higher than those of the general group.There is a significant difference in sitting height,and there is a highly significant difference in height.The excellent group of upper limb morphology indicators are larger than ordinary.There were significant differences in the length of the upper arm,the length of the forearm and the length of the hand.There was a highly significant difference in the distance between the finger and the upper limb.The length of the lower extremity A was highly significant.The excellent group of the lower extremity was larger than the general group,and the lower extremity was longer than B.There is a significant difference in length;the width of the trunk width index is larger than that of the general group,the width of the two groups is basically the same,and the excellent group of the hip width is smaller than the general group,and the shoulder width is significantly different;the body circumference index is apart from the waist circumference and the hip circumference.The excellent group was larger than the general group,and the upper arm tension circumference was significantly different;(2)Derived index: the excellent group BMI and the Quetelet index were larger than the general group and had significant differences;the excellent group body streamline index was larger than the general group and had significant Sexual difference;upper limb morphology derivative index except the forearm length / upper arm length × 100 groups are the same,the remaining indicators excellent group Larger than the general group,the hand area,height index,upper arm circumference difference and height upper limb length index have significant differences;lower limb shape derivative index except foot length / calf length × 100,longer than Achilles tendon and comparison The excellent indicators were all larger than the general group,and there was no significant difference in all indicators.(3)The excellent group of body weight and fat-free body weight in the body composition was larger than the normal group,and the excellent body fat rate group was smaller than the normal group,and the fat-removing body weight was significantly different.4.Test results of body function indicators of men's freestyle swimmers(1)Energy supply capacity of anaerobic metabolism: The maximum power,average output power and maximum blood lactate value of excellent group are higher than those of excellent athletes,and the maximum power and average output power are significantly different..(2)Aerobic metabolism energy supply capacity: The maximal oxygen uptake,vital capacity and blood lactate of the excellent group were greater than those of the normal athletes,and the maximum oxygen uptake and vital capacity were significantly different.Analysis conclusion:1.The results show that the athletes selected in this study have little relationship with age and training years.The influence of age and training years on the study is excluded,and it is suggested that scientific selection and scientific training can accelerate the cycle of athletes becoming talents.2.The growth and development degree of male free swimmers is better than that of ordinary people,but there is no difference between the excellent group and the general group athletes.The physiological age and life age of the two groups of athletes are basically the same,so the influence of growth and development factors on the study is excluded,and the selection of swimmers is selected.Should be normal growth and development of athletes.3.The results of this study show that the excellent group body shape is more suitable for swimming in the water than the general group.The body shape characteristics of the excellent men's freestyle swimmers are: high height,full and full body;large finger distance,long upper limbs,large hand area;upper arm muscles It is elastic and has a large contraction strength;the shoulder is wide and the hip is narrow,the body is inverted triangle,the streamline index is good;the upper and lower body proportions are moderate;the fat is heavy.Men's freestyle athletes have no special requirements for body fat percentage;the length of the men's freestyle,their circumference and their derived indicators cannot accurately reflect the explosive power of men's freestyle swimmers.In the men's freestyle athletes' morphological indicators,height,finger distance,height index,height,upper limb length index,hand area,streamline index and upper arm circumference difference can be used as selection indicators.4.the results of this study show that the excellent group of anaerobic metabolism and aerobic energy supply capacity is better than the general group,so men's freestyle athletes should have good anaerobic capacity and aerobic energy supply capacity.The maximum power,average output power,maximum oxygen uptake and vital capacity were selected as the selection indicators. |
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