| Rural settlement is a place where villagers live together.It is a cultural essence that people live in for a long time and accumulate in accumulated days.With the development of Rural Revitalization strategy,poverty alleviation and linking urban and rural construction land increase and decrease,agriculture and rural areas continue to develop,and the traditional rural settlement spatial form is accelerating to change.In the process of rural settlement construction,there are often some issues,such as blindly following the urban settlement construction in pursuit of urbanization,ignoring the reasonable guidance of the spatial form of rural settlement,resulting in the construction of rural settlement is not suitable for the local environment and so on.Based on the theories of settlement geography and science of human settlement,this paper studies the rural settlements in Dongyan village,Hutiao town,Zhaohua district.According to the components of rural settlements,the overall spatial form,residential spatial form,road spatial form,public spatial form,greening spatial form,water environment and marking system of Dongyan village are studied.ARCGIS spatial analysis,chart drawing and other means were adopted to analyze the factors influencing the spatial morphology of rural settlements.AHP was used to construct the suitability evaluation system of the rural settlements in Dongyan village,and the weight of each evaluation factor was calculated.By means of ARCGIS10.5 software,the overlaying analysis operation of the weight of evaluation factors was carried out,and the land suitability of Dongyan village was classified to provide reference basis for the optimization of the spatial morphology of rural settlements.According to the results of field investigation and research analysis,the paper puts forward the optimization of the spatial form of rural settlements in Dongyan village.(1)Through the analysis of various elements of spatial form,it is found that the overall spatial form layout of Dongyan Village is relatively random and free;the agglomerative block and strip spatial form,discrete cluster and scattered spatial form settlements are distributed in Dongyan Village;the road has the characteristics of continuity and tortuosity with the change of terrain;the public space in Dongyan Village is widely distributed,and the forms of greening space are diverse.The water environment meets the villagers’ production and living needs,and majority of the marking systems are planned in a unified way.(2)This paper mainly analyzes the impact of landform,road space,water surface and other factors on the spatial form of Dongyan village.The analysis found that the east village settlements are mainly distributed in elevation 700-800-m above sea level,grade five to 15° gentle slope,slope to the south-west,100 m away from roads and the surface area and the number of residential area,and road and water to keep a certain distance,three groups inside the village per capita arable land and per capita residential area,the largest of a set of cultivated land area per capita and per capita residential area is smallest.The suitability evaluation system of rural settlements was established by AHP,and the suitability grading map of Dongyan village was obtained by combining the weight superposition of ARCGIS.Through the chart analysis,it is concluded that the east village to different distribution of the suitability of the settlement,the most appropriate,is regarded as the main distribution in much of the three groups,two groups,and part of the four groups,general appropriate,not suitable as southwest are mainly distributed in two groups,four groups on the east side and a set for the most part,the analysis results show that there are 19.39% of the residential distribution in is not suitable.(3)According to the field research and the research analysis,according to the optimization principle of adapting measures to local conditions,this paper optimizes the spatial form of rural settlements: from the overall spatial form of Dongyan Village,the residential areas in inappropriate areas are relocated,that is,a group of Northwest residential areas are relocated to three groups of southeast through the relocation mode;residential buildings should retain local characteristics and avoid disorderly expansion;Road space form should be properly constructed,rebuilt,widened and hardened to achieve the perfection of village traffic;constantly enrich and improve public space to meet villagers’ needs;improve villagers’ environmental awareness to protect vegetation,water sources and village facilities,reduce wood consumption,and create a better living environment.In a word,this paper tries to explore the coordination relationship between rural settlements and environment by investigating and analyzing the characteristics of their spatial forms,discovering their own features and needs,and putting forward the optimization of their spatial forms suitable for the future,in order to find a sustainable way for the planning and construction of rural settlements,and also for the planning and construction of future rural settlements.provide reference. |
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