Study On Spatial Characteristics And Optimization Of Rural Settlements In Zhaohua District Based On Fractal Theory

Rural settlement is the place where rural residents produce and live,and the carrier of spatial distribution of rural population.By 2016,589 million people in China lived and lived in more than 2.6 million villages.This basic national conditions determines the importance and complexity of rural settlement research.Zhaohua District,located in the ecological barrier area of the upper reaches of Jialing River,is a crucial poverty alleviation counties(districts)and immigration areas in the old revolutionary area,Qinba Mountains.As a region with special geographical location and relatively backward economic development,the study on the spatial characteristics on its rural settlements is on great significance to the realization on Rural Revitalization and development.This paper takes the spatial characteristics of rural settlements as the research target,uses the method of combining field investigation with CIS spatial analysis and fractal theory,studies the spatial characteristics of rural settlements in Zhaohua District from three scales of the whole region,towns and villages,analyses the factors affecting the spatial distribution of rural settlements,and combines with the regional development,carries out the suitability of the spatial layout of rural settlements in Zhaohua District.Through the analysis of the current situation of rural settlements layout,put forward the relevant countermeasures for the optimization of rural settlements spatial layout in Zhaohua District.Through the study of the spatial characteristics of rural settlements in Zhaohua District,it is found that the fractal characteristics of spatial structure and spatial form of rural settlements in Zhaohua District are significant;the fractal characteristics of spatial agglomeration,spatial correlation,scale distribution and morphological complexity of rural settlements have multi-scale effects;and the fractal characteristics of spatial agglomeration and scale distribution of rural settlements have obvious differences in different regions.The spatial distribution of rural settlements in Zhaohua District is affected by both natural and human factors,and the cultivated land has the greatest influence on the distribution of rural settlements in Zhaohua District.By fitting the spatial distribution of rural settlements with the influencing factors,it is found that the slope,height,distance from rivers and the perfection of transportation network affect the spatial agglomeration of rural settlements;the cultivation radius,the level of rural economic development and policy control affect the size distribution and complexity of rural settlements;and the distance from the town center determines the spatial relationship between rural settlements.According to the factors affecting the spatial distribution of rural settlements,the evaluation value of the spatial layout suitability of villages and towns in Zhaohua District is calculated.The evaluation value is graded by natural point fracture method,and the range of high,medium,low and unsuitable areas for the spatial layout suitability of rural settlements in Zhaohua District is delineated.The research shows that Yuanba Town and Zhaohua Town had the highest layout suitability,and the first and second-class suitability settlements are the main ones in the region;while Dachao Town,Jinxian Town and Xiangxi Township had the lowest layout suitability,and there are more third and fourth-class suitability settlements in the region.According to the present situation of village layout and the principle of settlement optimization,the local optimization of villages and towns with the best suitability of settlement spatial layout and the priority renovation of villages and towns with the lowest suitability of settlement spatial layout are carried out.Based on this,the relevant countermeasures of village settlement spatial layout optimization in Zhaohua District are put forward.