Research On The Mechanism And Income Impact Of Urban Self-Employment Behavior From The Perspective Of Household Registration

The Chinese economy under the new normal requires a diversified form of employment to achieve the macroeconomic goals of stable employment.In the form of employment,self-employment is the initial form of entrepreneurship,and it is more in line with the actual state of ordinary workers.Self-employment has the effect of promoting economic development,relieving employment pressure and narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor.According to micro survey data,a considerable proportion of migrant workers in the city are engaged in self-employment,and a certain proportion of urban residents also choose to self-employ.However,self-employment is not evenly distributed among the two groups,the choice mechanism and income return to self-employment are not the same.With the one-way flow of labor from rural to urban areas,the urban-rural dual structure formed under the influence of the household registration system gradually spread to form a "new dual structure"in urban areas.The migrant workers' own human capital and wealth accumulation lags behind the urban residents,and they are subject to various types of discrimination based on household registration.Whether this difference is reflected in self-employment,and what may be the difference in performance and reasons is not clear.This paper studies the occurrence of urban self-employment and the effect of income return based on the perspective of household registration.This study selects the latest China Comprehensive Social Survey(CGSS)2015 survey data.This study uses a binary selection model and quantile regression to empirically test the self-employment choices and their impact on income returns.The results show that,first,after controlling for factors such as human capital,social networks,family wealth,and demographic variables,household registration variables(migrant workers and urban residents)still have a significant impact on whether they enter self-employment.The specific performance is that compared with urban residents,the farmers' unions in the city choose to self-employ more,but only for low-level self-employment.Second,in terms of the key influencing factors of self-employment,there are also significant differences between migrant workers and urban residents.Specifically,human capital,social network,family wealth,demographic variables,and parental self-employment experience have a significant impact on the self-employment choices of urban residents,while migrant workers in urban areas are only affected by neighbor relationships and parents in social networks.Third,in terms of income impact,self-employment has a significant positive effect on income at each income quantile level.Fourt,the quantile regression is carried out according to the household registration classification.The results show that the positive effect of self-employment on the income of migrant workers in the city begins to be significant from the 50%income quantile,while the urban household registration group is in all quantiles.This means that self-employment does not have a role in poverty alleviation for low-income migrant workers,but only helps middle-income and high-income migrant workers achieve income increase;self-employment has an overall income-promoting effect on urban residents.In a nutshell,this study goes beyond the limitations of previous studies that separate the self-employment behavior of migrant workers and urban residents.The empirical conclusions can provide a certain theoretical basis for the relevant departments in formulating employment guidance and entrepreneurial incentive policies,such as distinguishing the different identities of migrant workers and urban residents to the corresponding policies.At the same time,this study also provides some enlightenment for the urbanization of migrant workers in cities.For example,only proper self-employment behavior can promote the income catch-up of migrant workers in cities and promote their integration in the local area.