Experimental Study On The Effect Of Winter Training On Aerobic Ability Of Shaanxi Male Canoeists

Objective: By comparing the blood rheology and aerobic ability of male canoeists in Shaanxi Province before and after winter training,this study aims to explore the influence of winter training on the aerobic ability of canoeists in Shaanxi Province and its possible reasons,so as to provide theoretical reference for evaluating training effect,improving sports training plan and improving training level.Methods: Ten male canoeists from Shaanxi Canoeing Team were selected as the subjects of this experiment.The changes of aerobic capacity and hemorheology were measured before and after winter training.The methods of gas metabolism were: dynamometer preparation for 5 minutes,heart rate 140-150 b/min,rest for 3 minutes,and five-stage load test.The first five-stage load(calculated according to the average score of 500 m)required 2:00-1:56-1:52-1:48-1:44-1:40.Each stage load lasts for 2 minutes and sprints until exhaustion after the last stage is completed.Blood rheology was measured before and after winter training at about 7:00 in the morning.Blood samples were taken from subjects in fasting and quiet state for blood index test.Rowing dynamometer was used to test the changes of the performance of special sports before and after winter training,and the blood lactic acid concentration immediately after exercise,3 minutes,5 minutes and 7 minutes after exercise.Result:(1)At the ventilation threshold load,the indexes of VO2,TV,RR,RQ,HR,VO2/HR and VE after winter training were higher than those before winter training,and there was no significant difference(P > 0.05).PetO2,VE/VO2 were less than those before winter training,and PetCO2 was significantly larger than that before winter training,with significant differences(P < 0.01),VD/TV was significantly smaller than that before winter training,and the difference was significant(P <0.05).(2)During the critical load exercise of maximal oxygen uptake,the indexes of VO2,TV,RR,VE,RQ,VEO2,HR,VO2/HR after winter training were higher than those before winter training,and there was no significant difference(P > 0.05).The indexes of PetO2 were lower than those before winter training,and the differences were not significant(P > 0.05).The indexes of PetCO2 and VCO2 were significantly higher than those before winter training,and there were significant differences(P < 0.01),The index of VD/TV was significantly smaller than that before winter training(P < 0.01).(3)VO2 was moderately negatively correlated with VD/TV and VEO2 before winter training,moderately positively correlated with VO2/HR,VE and PetCO2,and negatively correlated with PetO2 at a low level;moderately positively correlated with VO2/HR,VE and PetCO2 after winter training,and moderately negatively correlated with VD/TV,VEO2 and PetO2.After winter training,the correlation between VO2 and VE was lower than before winter training,and with VO2/HR,PetO2,PetCO2,VD/TV,VEO2 was higher than that before winter training.(4)Before winter training,VO2 was positively correlated with PetCO2,VO2/HR,VE and moderately negatively correlated with VD/TV,VEO2 and PetO2.After winter training,VO2 was positively correlated with VO2/HR,PetCO2,and moderately correlated with VE,VEO2,PetO2,VD/TV.After winter training,the correlation between VO2 and PetCO2,PetO2/HR,VD/TV andVEO2 was greater than before winter training.The correlation is less than that before winter training.(5)After winter training,the plasma viscosity,whole blood reduced viscosity,whole blood low shear viscosity,erythrocyte aggregation index,erythrocyte sedimentation equation K value,Casson viscosity and erythrocyte number of male rowers decreased significantly(P < 0.01,P < 0.05),while the whole blood high shear viscosity,medium shear viscosity,erythrocyte deformability index,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,Casson yield stress,fibrinogen and erythrocyte electrophoresis time were shorter than those before winter training.There was a downward trend(P > 0.05).(6)There was no significant negative correlation(P > 0.05)between ventilation threshold intensity oxygen uptake of subjects before winter training and ηH、ηM、ηL、ηp、RV、Fi、Arbc、RBC、τc、ηc(P > 0.05),and no significant negative correlation(P > 0.05)with ESR、TK、ESR K、EPT at rest time(P > 0.05),and no significant negative correlation(P > 0.05)between oxygen uptake of athletes after winter training and ηH、ηM at rest time(P > 0.05),and negative negative correlation(P > 0.05)ηL、ηp、RV、Fi、Arbc、RBC、τc、ηc and EPT were negatively correlated(P < 0.05,0.01).Only ESR K was positively correlated(P > 0.05).(7)The maximal oxygen uptake before winter training was negatively correlated withηH、ηM、ηL、ηp、RV、ESR、Fi、Arbc、TK、RBC、ESR K、τc、ηc、EPT(P >0.05)(P > 0.05).The maximal oxygen uptake after winter training was negatively correlated with ηH、ηM、ηL、ηp、RV、ESR、Arbc、TK、RBC、ηc、EPT(P < 0.05,0.01),and there was no significant negative correlation with Fi、ESR K、τc(8)After winter training,the performance of 6km dynamometer of male rowers was significantly improved compared with that before winter training(P < 0.001).The average power of6 km dynamometer was significantly increased compared with that before winter training(P < 0.01).The average pulp frequency of 6km dynamometer was higher than that before winter training,and LA of instant,3min,5min and 7min after exercise was even higher than that before winter training(P > 0.05).(9)After winter training,the performance of 1 km dynamometer of male rowers was significantly improved(P < 0.001),the average power of 1 km dynamometer was significantly increased(P < 0.01)compared with that before winter training,and the average pulp frequency of 1km dynamometer had no significant difference(P > 0.05).LA of 3 minutes,5 minutes and 7 minutes after exercise showed a uniform increase trend(P > 0.05).Conclusion:(1)Winter training can improve the maximum aerobic exercise ability and aerobic ability of male canoeists in Shaanxi Province.(2)Winter training can improve the hemorheology of male canoeists in Shaanxi Province.(3)The good influence of winter training on the aerobic ability of male canoeists in Shaanxi Province is related to the improvement of blood rheology and other factors.(4)Winter training can effectively improve the performance of Shaanxi male canoeists in1000 m special sports.Recommendation:(1)This study only analyzed the effect of winter training from the angle of aerobic capacity and hemorheology,and suggested that the indexes of aerobic,anaerobic and strength should be used to evaluate the effect of winter training comprehensively.(2)Because there are some differences in the hemorheology of athletes before and after winter training,and it is closely related to the maximum oxygen uptake and ventilation threshold oxygen uptake,it is suggested that the change of Hemorheology should be taken as an index to evaluate the effect of sports training.