Research On The Construction Of The Renewal System Of Teacher Certificates In Japan

Teacher qualification system is a legal professional qualification system for teachers implemented by the state.Constantly improving the teacher qualification system is conducive to improving the quality of teachers.Sociological institutionalism holds that the deepest constitution of the system is culture-cognition.The construction of the system actually includes the process of de-institutionalization of the old system and the construction and maintenance of the new system.Among them,the change of external political and economic environment or the change of internal laws,norms and cognition will lead to the crisis of the old system.The construction of the new system includes three levels: social norms,social relations and cultural-cognitive.It is reasonable to study the renewal system of teacher qualification certificate in Japan from the perspective of sociological institutionalism.It is of great significance for the further development of teacher qualification system in China to learn from the reform experience of Japanese teacher qualification certificate renewal system.The crisis of Japanese teacher qualification certificate renewal system comes from external force and internal tension.External thrust mainly comes from regime change,neo-liberalism,competency-based teacher outlook and the serious problem of school education.The internal tension is mainly due to the passive implementation of the reform of the system itself,which results in the retrogression of ideas,the unreasonable design of teachers' qualification certificates,the ambiguity of the scope of teachers' business,the inadequate grasp of "teachers' professionalism",and the closure of teachers' training.After being aware of the wave of teacher professionalization in the world,we learn from the practice of teacher qualification system in the United States and Thailand.Japan's teacher qualification system has experienced three stages of germination,selection and formal establishment,and finally established the renewal system of teacher qualification certificate.During this period,it presents three characteristics: embeddedness,gradualness and integration.The institutional environment in the renewal system is mainly the emergence of "civil servant-type" teachers' concept and the improvement of teacher qualification certification.Actors in the institutional field can be divided into "insider" countries,universities and teachers,and "marginal" related groups and parents through the role division.Through the above analysis,the updating system and the action logic of actors are two-way interactive process.The updating system affects the determination of actors' behavior goals,the choice of behavior modes and the realization of behavior results,and actors influence the generation and improvement of the updating system.Finally,the effect and problems of the renewal system are analyzed.This paper summarizes the full text,alleviates the crisis of the old education system,creates the institutional environment for the new system,obtains the cognitive basis of the reform of the education system,moves towards the gradual process of the construction of the education system,and forms a common logic of action between "insiders" and "marginals".The above four points are the Enlightenment of "tending to a good process of the construction of the education system".Finally,reflection: the subjective construction of researchers is conducive to dialogue across time and space;methodologically,the analysis of interaction between institutions and actors can reveal the institutional logic,but the analysis of Structure-institution or process-event is still worth learning.