A Political Economics Analysis Of The Dual Vocational Education's Plight In Germany

Education is an important part of a country's comprehensive strength and an important indicator of a country's national strength.The level of development of education determines the potential of national economic development.As a strong economic power in Europe,Germany's educational strength,especially the level of vocational education,has always been attracting and admiring the world.Germany's unique dual-system vocational education system emphasizes the combination of school learning and corporate practice,so that vocational graduates have good practical ability to understand the cutting-edge development of the industry and to adapt to work faster.The professionalism of dual vocational education provides a guarantee for the employment rate of German youth,and is a booster and stability anchor for German economic developmentHowever,entering the 21st century,Germany's original dual-system vocational education system based on traditional mentoring relationship has been seriously affected by the era of knowledge economy and digitalization.The Higher Education Level Report of the member states of the OECD shows that the level of higher education in Germany in a relatively backward position in developed countries has also greatly eroded the confidence of Germans in their emphasis on the development of vocational education.Germans show greater enthusiasm for higher education.Since 2013,the number of students entering Germany at the university has exceeded the number of trainees entering the vocational education system for the first time.Does Germany still need dual vocational education?The future of Germany's dual vocational education has become a hot topic in the German education community.As we all know,vocational education is not only a matter of education,but also related to economic development and the policy drive behind it.Germany is a social market capitalist country.The government plays an important role in ensuring the healthy operation of the market.Enterprises participate in dual vocational education under the guarantee of perfect system policies.Nowadays,when both enterprises and apprentices lose interest in dual vocational education,it is very meaningful to explore which policies and measures of the government have an impact on the dilemma of dual vocational education.This article mainly elaborates from four aspects:1.Top-level design:German party politics establishes dual vocational education as an enterprise-based vocational training and school learning as a supplementary education model through legislation.This legislation is the result of the joint action of political parties and interest groups.Therefore,from the date of the birth of the dual system,it is doomed to have insufficient theoretical knowledge,which lays the foundation for its inability to adapt to the current market talent requirements.2.Indirect impact:German industrial policy affects the survival and development space of dual vocational education by acting on industrial structure adjustment.The German industrial policy has promoted the smooth upgrading of the German industrial structure through the formulation of various guarantee policies.Especially since the 21st century,Germany has formulated a more active industrial policy to guide companies to develop in the direction of innovative intelligent high-tech industries.Skilled person with comprehensive ability and rich theoretical knowledge are high in demand.The level of skilled workers provided by the traditional dual vocational education can no longer meet the market requirements.3.Direct impact-financial rights:The German government stipulates that the enterprises play a main role be cost division of the dual vocational education,supplemented by the government.The enterprise accounts for about two-thirds of the total cost.However,due to problems such as the decline in the quality of students,the rise in training costs,and the extent that training content exceeds the scope of the company's ability to undertake,enterprises are reluctant to continue to invest in dual system vocational education.The government did not adjust its policies in time to meet the market demand and mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises,which made the dual system fall into a passive position on the issue of capital investment and insufficient development stamina.4.Direct influence-power of organization and management:The German government has established a management system based on federal law and coordinated by multiple parties for the German dual vocational education.Because this system involves too many stakeholders,the law is cumbersome,making coordination difficult,and the legal adjustment is lagging behind.It is no longer able to adapt to the current rapidly changing market demand,causing a disconnection between training and actual demand.In order to improve these issues,the German government has made some policy adjustments,such as accelerating the legal approval process and progress,providing preferential tax policies for enterprises,and carrying out dual system learning between enterprises and universities at the local level.The conclusion of this article is that there is a need for dual vocational education in Germany,but the government needs to carry out more drastic reforms in policy to accelerate the pace of dual vocational education in adapting to the market,such as increasing the freedom of independent training of enterprises and providing more policy support for dual universities.Germany is already on the way to reforming dual vocational education,but there are still many obstacles ahead.The reform cannot succeed overnight.It is mainly divided into five parts.The first part introduces the theoretical framework for analyzing the role of the government in vocational education.The second part introduces the dual vocational education and its development phases.The third part introduces the impact of the Germany government on the dilemma of vocational education from four aspects,including political party system,vocational education management mechanism,fiscal policy,and industrial policy;the fourth part introduces Germany's policy ideas for solving the vocational education dilemma;the fifth part concludes that Germany's dual vocational education will achieve gradual progress based on the direction of German policy development The conclusion of the escalation.