| In recent years,international organizations and various countries increasingly pay attention to women's sports participation,and many countries have specifically enacted relevant policies to support and guide the development of women's sports,showing that promoting women's sports participation has generated the attention around the world.The profile Outline for Building a Leading Sports Nation and the Healthy China Initiative(2019-2030)promulgated in China in 2019 both proposed that “it is necessary to promote the development of sports activities for key groups and to formulate and implement physical health intervention plans for adolescents,women,the elderly,farmers,professional groups,and the disabled,etc.”,which can be seen that our party and nation truly concern about “adolescents” and “women” sports participation.“Girls in high school” is a cross group of “adolescents” and “women”,which deserves a special attention as they are in a transitional stage of physical and mental development.However,a survey shows that the participation rate of girls' sports is generally lower than that of boys from early childhood,and the gap reaches the most different in high school.Therefore,for solving this serious problem,it is of necessity to specifically find out and investigate the reasons that hinder girls' sports participation.Therefore,this study takes the barriers of girls' sports participation in urban high schools in China as the research target,uses the theory basis of “Social-Ecological Model of Influences on Physical Activity and Sport Participation for Women and Girls” established by researchers Froehlich Chow(2010),and adopts survey methods of literature review method,investigation method and mathematical statistics method to investigate the physical participation barriers of girls in urban high schools in China from the perspective of personal,interpersonal relationship,social environment and policy system,and to deeply analyze specific reasons for the formation of girls barriers,and ultimately this study combines the successful experience of developed countries with China's national conditions to come up with development countermeasures to solve barriers of girls' sports participation in urban high school in China.Research results:(1)The girls' sports participation in urban high school in China is significantly lower than boys in terms of time,frequency,intensity and attitude towards sports activities;and as they go further study in different grades,the amount of girls' exercise decreases significantly and high school girls have a significant difference in the amount of exercise in different grades.The main reason for the difference is that as the grade increases,the exercise intensity of high school girls decreases obviously;(2)The survey based on the social ecological model finds that: There are significant correlations between the factors of personal barriers,interpersonal relationship barriers,social environment barriers,policy barriers and the amount of exercise of high school girls.Among them,the personal barriers come as the most influential barrier influencing girls' sports participation,followed by the social environment barriers and the interpersonal relationship barriers,and high school girls participation has relatively lower connection with policy barriers.High school girls in different grades and different levels of activity also have differences in barriers to sports participation;(3)Personal barriers mostly hinder high school girls sports participation.In the perspective of personal barriers,“lack of exercise time”,“lack of exercise habits”,and “body self-awareness” are the key factors that influence high school girls' sports participation;(4)The second factor is the social environment barrier,of which “lack of sports atmosphere” “boys are more likely to achieve achievements in sports” “boys good at sports are mostly welcomed” are obvious social and environmental barriers that hinder high school girls' sports participation;(5)In the factors of interpersonal relationship barriers,“sex of physical education teachers”,“the differences that teachers treating boys and girls in sports” and “lack of examples for women sports around” have the most significant impact on sports participation of high school girls;(6)Policy system barriers have a weaker impact on sports participation of high school girls,of which “lack of policy system and publicity” “present improper sports examination system” “irrational distribution of sports resources” and “less action of Women's Sports Association” have an impact on the sports participation of high school girls.In the end,this study puts forward following different suggestions to those barriers at different levels:(1)Suggestions from the personal level put forward to solve barriers of sports participation of urban high school girls in China:(1)Everyone shall proceed from himself,correctly understand sports,correct attitudes toward sports participation,and develop physical exercise habits;(2)Everyone shall refuse any form of ugly women's sports,have correct aesthetic standards,and actively participate in sports;(2)Suggestions put forward about interpersonal relationships barriers:(1)Schools shall improve the professionalism of teachers,perfect teaching methods,and pay equal attention to the sports participation of boys and girls,and respect sports attitude of high school girls;(2)Parents shall be active more and support for girls' participation in sports activities;(3)Classmates and friends shall do not evaluate and coax in sports to form a positive and encouraging sports atmosphere;(3)Suggestions put forward for social environment barriers:(1)School shall implement class teaching,pay attention to the construction of physical education teachers and faculties,guide girls to start sports and persist in exercise,and increase exercise time;(2)The media shall increase the coverage of women's sports and increase the visibility of women's sports examples;(3)The school shall create a cultural atmosphere;(4)The community shall strengthen the interactive development with school sports and competitive sports,and jointly promote the girls' sports participation;(4)Suggestions for policy system barriers:(1)Our country could establish and improve women's sports policies,as well as increase policy promotion and supervision;(2)Once policies implementing,social sports organizations shall make full use of their role and clarify the responsibilities of Women's Sports Associations.(3)There shall have a reform for sports examination system and attach importance to mastering sports skills to cultivate girls' lifelong sports awareness and physical exercise habits. |
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