Spatial Pattern And Formation Mechanism Of Urban Gentrification In Harbin

Gentrification is a special phenomenon of urban social space,which was first put forward by British sociologist glass in the 1960 s.It refers to "gentry",that is,the renovation of the dilapidated areas by the gentry,leading to the replacement of the people in the area,so as to realize the process that the low-income class is replaced by the high-income class.With the continuous development of the city,gentrification has undergone tremendous changes.More and more scholars have made in-depth research on gentrification's types,characteristics and formation mechanism.Therefore,western scholars have become more and more mature in their research on this social space phenomenon,and have summarized a relatively complete theoretical system.However,the phenomenon of gentrification in China has gradually emerged,and domestic scholars have begun to study gentrification in China since then.And the study of gentrification in China is mainly concentrated in the developed cities in the South and the coastal cities in the East.As the capital of Heilongjiang Province,the study of gentrification in Harbin is of great significance.The spatial scale of the study is the main municipal districts of Harbin,Heilongjiang Province(Xiangfang District,Nangang District,Daowai District,Pingfang District,Songbei district and Hulan District),and 95 streets within the municipal districts are selected as the research objects.Based on the questionnaire survey of 95 streets in Harbin,and the data processing by entropy method,the gentrification degree of Harbin is calculated,and the spatial pattern map of gentrification degree is formed after data visualization,then the spatial distribution characteristics of gentrification in Harbin are analyzed;the types of gentrification are summarized,and the new urban area and the old urban area are compared The difference and connection of gentrification.The conclusions are as follows:(1)The gentrification degree of the whole streets in Harbin is low,and the gentrification degree is increasing from the periphery to the interior,and the streets with higher gentrification degree have obvious agglomeration phenomenon.(2)Due to the reform of housing system and the development of urban economy,the spatial differentiation pattern of urban society in Harbin is more complex.Many types of gentrification have obvious spatial pattern characteristics in Harbin.The gentrification types in Harbin are mainly new gentrification,school district gentrification and tourism gentrification.(3)There are obvious differences between the gentrification of new and old urban areas in Harbin,that is,the gentrification development of new urban areas is mainly basedon the newly built high-grade residential areas,which is different from the historical scenic spots relied on by the old urban areas,but the new and old urban areas have the same gentrification of school districts.At the same time,the gentry population in the old urban area has more intention to move to the new urban area to live and enjoy a good living environment in the new urban area.This paper analyzes the mechanism of the gentrification in Harbin: the main factors of the gentrification are analyzed from the education resources,medical resources,entertainment shopping and environment living environment of the streets,and the influence of provincial key centers,top three hospitals and large-scale shopping centers on the gentrification process is discussed;the urban housing policy and urban development policy on the macro-economic background are analyzed The spatial influence of the gentrification of Harbin City,and the spatial influence of the social class gradient on the gentrification of Harbin city.According to the spatial characteristics and mechanism of urban gentrification in Harbin,this paper analyzes the negative effects of urban gentrification in Harbin,and looks for ways to improve the negative effects of urban social space polarization,conflict differentiation of different classes and the protection of citizens' housing rights,so as to promote the coordinated development of urban social space in Harbin.