| With the development of economic globalization and the fierce competition in the knowledge-based economy era,the ability of scientific and technological innovation becomes the key factor to improve the national core competitiveness and master the discourse power of the world.As the first resource of scientific and technological innovation ability,talents have the important task and historical mission to lead China to the world technological power and to realize the transformation of the populous country to the great power.At the same time,the space layout of 19 report put forward China's talent is unreasonable,excessive talents gathered in developed region and undeveloped region talent shortage contradiction has become the important issue of economic and social development.So the spatial agglomeration and optimization of both the economic development of China's reality,also is the Chinese characteristic of geography subject evolution path,has important theoretical significance and practical value.According to China's official published data of "China's talent resources statistics report 2010-2015",ESDA exploratory spatial analysis method is used to describe the spatial agglomeration characteristics of the six types of talents,such as the overall Chinese talent,the party and government personnel,the enterprise management personnel,and the professional and technical personnel.Based on the analysis of the new economic geography CP model,the TCP model is constructed,and the stability and equilibrium equations of the talent spatial agglomeration pattern are derived by the walnut general equilibrium method.On this basis,using the new economic geography theory,the TCP model,the industrial agglomeration theory,the human capital theory,the population migration theory and the human geography research,the formation mechanism of the spatial agglomeration pattern of Chinese talents is summarized.At the same time,the net effects of economic factors,social environment factors,personnel policy factors and natural geography factors on the spatial agglomeration of talents are tested by the spatial lag panel model and the minimum two stage two multiplication of generalized space.In order to eliminate the intrinsic nature of the model,the tool variable method is used to estimate the robustness of the model from the spatial weight matrix,the spatial absurdity matrix and the spatial GMM estimation.The following conclusions are drawn:1.Expand the new economic geography CP model to TCP model which proves the role of economic factors in the formation of talent spatial agglomeration pattern.TCP model derivation shows that the spatial pattern of talent is a stable equilibrium under certain conditions.Under the common influence of "local income effect","Marshall agglomeration effect" and "cost of living",the "center-periphery" pattern of talent concentration in specific areas and the sparsity of talents in adjacent areas is formed.If?>?,The "Center Periphery" Pattern of TCP model is the only stable spatial equilibrium.If ?<?,T is the only T with the solution Ts>1 and satisfying T<Ts,the"center periphery" pattern of the TCP model is still stable and balanced.In addition,the short-term equilibrium of the TCP model determines the equilibrium equation of the talent spatial agglomeration:?=f(?,w,?),which proves that high-tech industrial agglomeration,nominal wage and cost of living are core economic factors that result in formation of talent spatial agglomeration.2.The basic characteristics of the spatial agglomeration pattern of Chinese talents are summarized through ESDA exploratory spatial analysis technology.(1)After a long historical evolution and a phased difference in economic development,Chinese talents have formed a "center southeast periphery" pattern.The densely populated area,which accounts for 3%of the land area,has a total of 23%talents,which is equal to the sum of the total number of talents scattered in the sparse area of 77%of the land area.At the same time,the spatial clustering pattern with high value area as the core is gradually decreasing from east to west.Shanghai,Beijing,Tianjin,Zhejiang and Jiangsu in the southeastern region become centres of talent gathering.Heilongjiang,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Gansu and Tibet located in the northwest border area are the thinnest areas of talent distribution.(2)Compared with the population and labor force,the density of talent is one percent of the population density,1/10 of the labor density and the ratio of three to 89:9:1,which is a pyramid structure.(3)The pattern of the spatial agglomeration of talents tends to be unbalanced,and the density of talent intensive areas and sparse talent zones is aggravated.The growth rate of Talent Gathering in eastern,Western and central regions has increased progressively,and the growth of talents and talent depressions remain unchanged.(4)In 2010-2015,the concentration of talent was in negative overall growth,and the growth rate in some regions was different.However,the difference in the growth rate of talent agglomeration does not change the overall pattern of talent agglomeration.The spatial agglomeration of Chinese talents still presents the characteristics of the East dense,the middle and the west,and the talent growth pole and the talent depression have not changed obviously.(5)From the perspective of spatial correlation,the degree of spatial autocorrelation of talent spatial agglomeration is enhanced.Zhejiang is in the high high concentration area,and Xinjiang,Gansu,Qinghai,Tibet,Ningxia and Sichuan are in the low low concentration area.(6)There are significant differences in spatial clustering patterns of classified talents.In the form of agglomeration,the overall talent,party and government personnel,professional and technical talents are banded distribution,enterprise management personnel and rural practical talents are distributed in S shape.The shape of high skilled personnel and social work talents coexist between spot and patch shape.From the perspective of agglomeration mode,except for party and government talents,other types of talents are mainly high and high concentration and low low concentration mode.From the perspective of the stability of agglomeration,the aggregate pattern of talents and party and Government Talents remains stable,and the spatial agglomeration pattern of other talents has dynamic evolution.3.According to the new economic geography theory,the population migration theory and the human capital theory,through the empirical analysis of the spatial lag panel model and the generalized space two stage two multiplication,the formation mechanism of the talent spatial agglomeration pattern in China is verified.(1)Chinese talents are highly concentrated in the southeast coast,and the spatial agglomeration pattern of the scarce talents in the northwest frontier forms in the game of economic factors,social environmental factors,personnel policy factors and natural geographical factors.Through empirical tests,the impact of economic factors and talent policy factors is significant,and social environment factors and natural geographical factors are not significant.In the economic factors,the agglomeration of high-tech industries plays a "Marshall agglomeration effect",which leads to the agglomeration of talents in the periphery of high-tech industrial zone.The nominal wage plays a "local income effect",attracting talents to gather in the high wage region.The high living cost does not prevent talent from gathering in the region.The impact of talent policy is obvious,but there is a lagging effect,which has limited impact on the spatial pattern of talent in the short run.(2)The influence of social environmental factors on the pattern of talent spatial agglomeration needs to meet certain conditions.Only when the different development differences of China's provinces and regions are small,good medical conditions,good scientific research environment and high quality education environment can attract talents gathering.(3)The lag coefficient of space is negative,which shows that China's talent spatial pattern has the "provincial-level" talent competition.When the developed provinces have high level of income and high agglomeration of high-tech industries,the influx of talents from adjacent areas may lead to a high concentration of talents in developed areas and the lack of talent agglomeration in adjacent areas.(4)The influence of natural geographical factors on talent agglomeration is not significant.Air pollution is not the cause of brain drain in developed areas.Based on this,it is suggested that the government give full play to the talent agglomeration effect of high technology industry,cultivate the growth pole of regional talents,give full play to the income effect of nominal wage,improve the income level of the key cities and key industries in the less developed provinces,attract talents to gather in the less developed areas,establish a long-term mechanism of talent policy,and eliminate the time lag effect.Short term impact,optimize the new map of China's talent spatial agglomeration,and promote the coordinated development of China's regional economy... |
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