Quantitative Analysis Of Physical Test Questions Based On Situational Typology

The creation of the test situation is an important part of the test design.In recent years,some important documents or conferences in China have repeatedly emphasized the key role of the test situation in the process of evaluating the core quality of students' subjects,and also pointed out that the college entrance examination should reexamine the ability of using physical knowledge to solve practical problems.As the carrier of examination,the situation of examination questions should be close to reality,diverse in types,open,innovative and applicable to a certain extent,and be able to find out the real quality and ability of students.This research is based on the physical discipline,on the basis of the ability oriented integration concept,and on the basis of the main framework of Roegiers' s situational typology,the expert consultation method,questionnaire survey method and interview method are used to reconstruct the two-level dimensions around the three first level dimensions of identify parameters,content parameters and dress parameters,in order to get a focus on physical subjects,with the operability of the physical test situation analysis framework.This paper selects 80 sets of physics papers,Beijing papers,Jiangsu papers,Tianjin papers,Hainan papers and Zhejiang papers from 2010 to 2019,as well as the finals theory papers and National Applied Physics Knowledge papers of middle school students as research samples,and uses content analysis method and comparative research method to carry out comparative research and analyze all kinds of physics,in order to understand the development and current situation of the physical test situation in China,the paper aims to provide data support and experience suggestions for the design of the physical test and other large-scale evaluation test situation.Theconclusions of this study are as follows:Firstly,in terms of the comparison among the three categories of college entrance examination papers,Olympic Games papers and applied physics papers in the past ten years,(1)The design of the three types of papers presents the following differences:In terms of identify parameters,the average proportion of real situation questions in applied physics papers is more than 83%,which is much higher than that in college entrance examination papers and Olympic Games papers;the types of questions in college entrance examination papers are relatively fixed,and the Olympic Games papers are mainly comprehensive calculation questions,while the rest have only two types of "provide explanation" and "put forward suggestions",the types of questions in applied physics papers are diverse,there are many types of questions like "provide explanation","describe induction" and "put forward suggestions";there are many semi open questions in the applied physics papers,and the opening degree of the college entrance examination papers and the Olympic Games papers is relatively low;the known conditions of the college entrance examination papers are various,most of the Olympic Games papers are pure letters,and most of the applied physics papers are pure words.In terms of content parameters,the number of knowledge modules examined in the college entrance examination papers and the number of formulas needed are moderate,while the Olympic Games papers are extremely high and shows a significant upward trend from 2016 to 2019,and the applied physics papers are extremely low and relatively stable;the college entrance examination papers attach great importance to the ability of experimental exploration,and the applied physics papers attach great importance to the ability of model construction;the correlation between the situation and problems of the applied physics papers is higher than that of the college entrance examination papers and the Olympic Games papers.In terms of dress parameters,the presentation of known conditions,college entrance examination papers and Olympic Games papers are more exposed,while applied physics papers are relatively hidden.(2)At the same time,the three types of papers also have the following similarities:In terms of identify parameters,most of the real situation themes come from the daily life,the frontier of science and technology,and few are related to the environment,nature and the history of science and technology;in terms of content parameters,when a situation contains multiple questions,it basically takes the form of step-by-step setting questions,that is,the latter is based on the former;in terms of dress parameters,the form of test questions is similar,accounting for more than half.Moreover,the structure of the test papers is generally stable,and there is no breakthrough change.Secondly,compared with the physical examination papers of the college entranceexamination in the past ten years,the college entrance examination papers of different provinces and regions present the following characteristics and development trends:In terms of identify parameters,(1)the average proportion of real situation test questions is between 7% and 33%,Zhejiang test paper is the most,Hainan test paper is the least,and Tianjin test paper shows a significant upward trend;(2)the theme source of national test paper changes according to time period,from 2010 to 2012,more attention is paid to daily life and environmental nature,from 2013 to 2015,more attention is paid to daily life and the forefront of science and technology,Beijing test paper Hainan test paper and Zhejiang paper are rich in themes,most of which come from daily life and the frontier of science and technology.In recent three years,the situations related to the history of science and technology in Zhejiang paper have appeared continuously,but the proportion is relatively small.Except for the themes related to the frontier of science and technology in Jiangsu paper from 2010 to 2012,the rest are from daily life.Tianjin paper comes from the frontier of science and technology at most,and the theme of science and technology history has been added in recent four years.(3)The types of national paper test questions are relatively fixed,and the type of "put forward suggestions" in Beijing paper is less.In recent four years,there have been attempts to new types of test questions.Jiangsu paper,Tianjin paper and Hainan paper are rich and varied,but the proportion of test questions other than the fixed type is very small.Zhejiang paper has made new attempts in 2010-2013,and then the form is relatively fixed;(4)The opening degree of the papers in Beijing Zhejiang Jiangsu and Tianjin is reduced in turn,while in Hainan paper and national paper are all closed;(5)the known condition forms of the college entrance examination papers tend to be alphabetic,in contrast,Beijing papers have the most known conditions of pure characters.In terms of content parameters,(1)the number of knowledge modules examined by Tianjin paper,Zhejiang paper,Jiangsu paper,Beijing paper,national paper and Hainan paper decreased in turn;(2)the number of formulas used by Jiangsu paper and Zhejiang paper is the most,while Beijing paper is the least,and the rest are relatively close;(3)the ability of scientific research is required,the ability of modeling and scientific demonstration of Beijing paper is the most,the ability and accomplishment of Jiangsu paper and Zhejiang paper are rich and changeable,the explanation phenomenon,scientific demonstration and scientific query of other test papers are less;(4)the correlation between situation and problem is relatively close,and it tends to rise,among which Beijing paper is the highest and Tianjin paper is the lowest.In terms of dress parameters,(1)the proportion of graphic presentation is between58% and 87%,and Tianjin paper is the highest,while Beijing paper is the lowest;(2)most of the known conditions are obvious and do not need to be changed,among them,Beijing paper has the most known conditions to be changed,followed by Tianjin paper.Based on the above research and the discussion of the related questions,the following points should be paid attention to for the situation designer of the physical examination questions:(1)the real situation questions related to the environment,the history of science and technology can be added to the college entrance examination physical examination papers;(2)more attempts should be made to "provide explanation","describe induction","put forward suggestions" and other types of questions and provide a variety of reference answers to increase the questions;(3)some known conditions can be expressed in pure words to increase the concealment and retain the original appearance of physical phenomena,so as to increase the relevance between problems and situations and improve the quality of situations.