A Study On The Examination System Of Chinese Students Studying In The United States In Modern Times

The examination system of international students is an important part of the education system.As an important measure to ensure the quality of students studying abroad,the examination system of modern Chinese students studying in the United States was gradually improved with the development of education in the United States,which played an important role in promoting the modernization of China.Since the selection of young children studying in the United States in 1872,the examination system of students in the United States,whether it is the main body of the system implementation,the qualification standards,the selection methods,and even the content of the examination,has changed over time,and it has gradually improved.The formulation of examination system for students studying in the United States in each period is based on specific internal and external environments,which is closely related to the corresponding US policy toward China and the status of Sino-US relations,as well as the actual needs of political,economic,and cultural education of each stage of Chinese social development;at the same time,it is also the result of the active planning of the system makers.First of all,in the historical environment of striving for strength in the late Qing Dynasty,based on the needs of self-improvement goals,under the active promotion of the pioneers and westernization officials,the creation of the examination system for students studying in the United States,marked by the dispatch of children studying in the United States,and gradually improved with the sending of Geng's students studying in the United States.It has initially possessed the educational functions ofexamination evaluation,such as guidance,screening,selection and management.It exhibits the following characteristics: flexible changes in the examination method,combining examination and interview;gradually improving the conditions of examination to ensure the quality of students;the objective of studying abroad has shifted from emphasizing "armament" to focusing on "industrial";setting up special examination institutions to ensure the professionalism and effectiveness of the examination system,and strengthening the follow-up management of students studying in the United States;paying attention to the "Chinese style" literacy of candidates,and highlighting the cultural value orientation of "Westernized Chinese Style".Secondly,due to the national humiliation,the examination system of Geng's hospitality to the United States students has gone through three periods: Preparatory College,Tsinghua School and National Tsinghua University,and gradually moved towards regulation.Its main characteristics are as follows: the formulation and implementation of the examination system is completed by the cooperation of the two departments of foreign affairs and education,which is conducive to communication and coordination with the United States,but also ensures its "educational attribute";the qualification of the candidates,the content and form of the assessment are clearly defined in each period,and the specific standards should change with time,rather than be deficient;the examination system of Geng's hospitality to the United States has always regarded Chinese as the first examination subject,which is set as the prerequisite to ensure the patriotic feelings and national cultural identity of the students studying in the United States;the special setting of the number of female students reflects the modernity of the system.Thirdly,with the upsurge of studying in the United States at the beginning of the Republic of China,the education in the United States tends to be diversified,the categories of publicly-funded students increased,the number of self-supporting students increased significantly,and the professional selection takes into account the needs of all kinds of talents.In response to the development trend of education in the United States,the examination records of students studying in the United States focuson multiple qualifications.The central and local governments coordinate and cooperate with each other to increase the autonomy of candidates' professional choice,expand the examination of candidates' academic and qualifications,and improve the standards of academic and language ability.In this period,although there were some problems such as fairness and standardization in the examination system,the construction and implementation of the examination system effectively promoted the sound development of education in the United States.Fourth,during the period of Nanjing National Government,the examination system for students studying in the United States was gradually standardized and systematized under the guidance of government policies and the needs of economic and social development,which mainly showed the following characteristics: the qualification criteria for candidates are much higher than those in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China;the study of foreign subjects focuses on practical subjects to meet the urgent needs of the country's construction;multi-channel examinations and training to cultivate diverse talents;strengthen the ideological control of students studying in the United States to meet the needs of the "party state";incorporate the selection of students studying in the United States into unified management and gradually develop toward the trend of centralization.In a word,the creation and development of the examination system of modern Chinese students studying in the United States evolved with the changes of Chinese society and Sino-US relations,and gradually became standardized and institutionalized.The opening orientation of "make foreign things serve China" and absorbing western civilization based on the local needs is an important link in the process of China's education modernization.For the students studying in the United States American education and even the modernization of China have a profound impact.Objective analysis and evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of the examination system of modern students studying in the United States is of historical significance as well as practical value.