Research On Motor Coordination Characteristics Of Children With Mental Retardation

Based on the Motor Ability Assessment Scale of Children with Disability in Shanghai,this study compiled the motor coordination assessment scale of children,and then analyzed the motor coordinated characteristics of mentally retarded children,to provide recommendations for subsequent research,evaluation,education and training.It consists of three parts:The first part is the background of the research.The research on the development and abnormality of children's motor coordination,and some representative assessment tools to provide ideas for scale compilation were reviewed.The second part is the compilation of the motor coordination assessment scale of children.It was divided into pre-research,preliminary compilation and formal compilation.The pre-research carried out exploratory factor analysis to screen out items related to motor coordination.And then it was evaluated by experts to revise the text about items and operating standards.Finally,the initial scale with 45 questions was made out.The preliminary compilation used 225 3-6-year-old typically developing children and 225 1-9-grade children with mental retardation as participants,to carry out item analysis and exploratory factor analysis.Result of item analysis showed that the initial scale had high discrimination and low homogeneity.According to the screening criteria,14 items were screened out and 31 items were retained.Result of exploratory factor analysis indicated 10 items should be screened out,namely 21 items retained,and a first-order two-factor model structure was determined.The formal compilation took 204 3-6-year-old typically developing children and 161 1-9-grade children with mental retardation as participants,to perform confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis.Result of confirmatory factor analysis showed that X2 / df,RMSEA,CFI,TLI,and SRMR basically met the statistical requirements,and the model fitted well.Result ofreliability analysis showed that the half-reliability,internal consistency reliability and scorer reliability of the formal scale was pretty good.Result of multiple CFA indicated a weak measurement invariance between TD and MR children.It was finally determined that the formal scale was consisted of 21 items,including two areas,namely rhythm and integration,both of which was divided into two different dimensions.The third part is the research on the motor coordination characteristics of children with mental retardation.Taking 409 3-6-year-old typically developing children and 386 1-9-grade children with mental retardation as participants,the motor coordination characteristics of children with mental retardation were analyzed.Results showed that there was a very significant correlation but no significant difference between the coordination of left and right sides from upper and lower limbs in children with mental retardation.Regardless of male or female,the development level of general motor,rhythmic motor and integrated motor of 1-9-grade children with mental retardation was significantly lower than that of 3-6-yearold typically developing children;The developmental level of general motor,rhythmic motor and integrated motor of typically developing children and children with mental retardation all increased with age,and decreased with cognitive levels;Referred to the development level of typically developing children,it could be known that the specific development level of motor coordination of children with mental retardation at different ages and cognitive levels.Results of scoring percentage rate showed that in rhythmic motor,1-3-grade children with mild mental retardation mostly got 2-3 points,4-9-grade children with mild mental retardation mostly got 3 points,1-9-grade children with moderate mental retardation mostly achieved 1-2 points,and 1-9-grade children with severe mental retardation mostly got 0 points;In terms of integrated motor,1-9-grade children with mild mental retardation mostly got 3 points,while 1-9-grade children with moderate and severemental retardation mostly got 0 points.Results of influencing factors showed that there were significant influence in age on overall motor,rhythmic motor,and integrated motor of children with mental retardation,which were specifically manifested in 1-3 and 4-7 grades,1-3 and 8-9grades,4-7 and 8-9 grades;There were significant differences in cognitive level on overall motor,rhythmic motor,and integrated motor of children with mental retardation,which were manifested as mild and moderate,mild and severe,moderate and severe cases;There were no gender differences and interactive effect on overall motor,rhythmic motor,and integrated motor of children with mental retardation.