Research On The Technology Transfer Policy Text Of Chinese Universities

With the development of knowledge-based economy,universities,as one of the core players of the national innovation system,plays an crucial role affecting the regional and even the national economic development based on the fact that whether the technologies developed by universities transferred to the industry timely and effectively.At present,with the increasing attention of all parties,the continuous introduction of related policies,and the continuous increase in investment,the efficiency of technology transfer in China's universities is still low.As one of the core elements in the university technology transfer system,the extent to which the effectiveness of the university technology transfer policy can be brought into play is crucial to the improvement of the efficiency of university technology transfer.Therefore,the analysis of the development,status quo,and existing problems of university technology transfer policy tools can help optimize the structure of policy tools,improve their policy effectiveness,and ultimately improve the efficiency of university technology transfer.This study reviews the technology transfer policy of universities from the legalization of technology transfer in 1980 to 2019,and selects 96 policy texts directly related to technology transfer in universities.Using policy tool theory,a basic analysis of policy texts is made in terms of policy publication time,text type,and issuing department.And both a horizontal and a vertical analysis are conducted at the same time based on an analytical framework of policy tools.Based on this,it is found that the technology transfer of universities shows three stages of development characteristics in terms of time and content;the policy comprehensively uses five policy tools include authoritative tools,incentive tools,capacity building tools,symbols and persuasive tools,and learning tools.Different stages and types of policy tools show different characteristics in terms of structure and content,and there are also some problems that inhibit the effectiveness of policy.In general,the problems are mainly manifested in the lack of overall coordination,insufficient operability,excessive use of authoritative tools and insufficient use of learning tools.In order to optimize the structure of policy tools and improve the effectiveness of policies,this study puts forward corresponding policy recommendations for the government,related management institutions,and universities: They are(1)to strengthen vertical and horizontal communication and coordination during policy making process,so that the rationality and effectiveness of the policy can be improved;(2)to establish a specialized management agency to coordinate the implementation of technology transfer policies;(3)to optimize the structure of policy instruments to increase the vitality of the use of policy instruments;(4)to consolidate leadership responsibilities at all levels to advance technology transfer activities in universities;(5)to carry out policy learning at all levels to improve the effectiveness of policies for technology transfer in universities.The innovation of this study lies in the application of the analysis method of policy tools to the research field of university technology transfer policy.It analyzes the development and current status of technology transfer policy in Chinese universities from vertical and horizontal aspects.Its significance lies in finding out the problems existing in the structure,content,formulation and operation mechanism of the university technology transfer policy tools in China,and putting forward suggestions for improving the effectiveness of policies for the subjects.