A Study On The Change Of Vocational Education In The United States From 1862 To 1917

The civil war opened a new chapter in the history of the United States.With the rapid development of industry,the ever-changing social situation and the resurgence of utilitarianism,the slow development of vocational education in the United States did not meet the needs of The Times,so it was necessary to reform vocational education.In 1862,congress enacted the morrel act,which initiated the reform in the field of higher vocational education.With the continuous extension and promotion of the reform,secondary vocational education joined the reform wave,and various secondary vocational education courses and schools emerged.In the higher vocational education in the process of continuous reform,the vocational education is brilliant achievement,to in 1917,congress enacted the Smith-hughes act reiterated the importance of vocational education,establish the development mode of modern vocational education in the United States,for the higher vocational education system has made the further adjustment and improvement of the vocational education in the new development of the first year.From the beginning of the reform in 1862 to the establishment of the vocational education system in 1917,the changing process played a connecting role in the development of American vocational education and had a far-reaching impact on American education and social development.In the 55 years from 1862 to 1917,vocational education in the United States followed the pace of social development,constantly changing,in different periods have made outstanding achievements.The first morrel act,enacted in 1862,fired the first gun of the reform of vocational education by creating higher vocational education.It led to the establishment of land-grant colleges featured by agricultural and industrial education,and also promoted the combination of the development of colleges and universities with the development of society.The Philadelphia exposition of 1876 set off a movement of manual training that extended the revolution to secondary vocational education.In 1890,in view of the intensification of racial conflicts,congress enacted the second morrell act to solve the problem of higher education for the black community and further promote the development of higher vocational education.Eventually Smith-hughes law promulgated in 1917 to establish the modern vocational education system and development model,as a perfect echo,change is on the rise in 1862 marked the last 55 years of American vocational education reform process,after initial,continuation and change after adjustment,deepening the four stages of change,to realize the leapfrog development,made outstanding achievements,has a far-reaching influence.Although the specific starting point of vocational education reform in each stage is different,the measures taken in each stage are carried out in response to the problems and difficulties in the previous stage,which will eventually lead to the same destination,promote the development of vocational education in the United States and achieve satisfactory results.The 55-year reform of vocational education has pushed American vocational education from the flat ground to the platform of higher level and faster development,laid a solid foundation for the development of future vocational education,and played an important role in the development history of American vocational education.In the course of 55 years' development,American vocational education has undergone continuous reform in four stages.The unique characteristics of this stage are the top-down reform path,the management mode of multi-party cooperation and the education concept oriented to reality.At the same time,this course of change has left an indelible mark in the history of American education development,and has produced far-reaching influence and profound significance in improving the law and system of vocational education,coordinating the dual functions of "vocational" and "educational",and accelerating the process of educational democratization.