Based On The Longitudinal Study Of The Spine Health Of The Third Grade Primary School Students In Three Cities And The Effect Of Exercise Intervention

This study conducted the poor posture and spinal morphology and mobility screening for the third-grade students at three schools in Anhui,Hunan and Jiangsu Provinces that was a three-year longitudinal study.448(male-233,female-215)were screened for three consecutive years.Three methods were adopted to investigate the spine growth and development: upright position test(UPT),forward bending test(FBT,standing + sitting position)+ angle of trunk rotation(ATR)and Spinal Mouse.In addition,an interventional study was performed on a subset of students with abnormal spinal morphology.SPSS 22.0 was employed to analyze the data.Descriptive statistics are shown as mean ± standard deviation(SD).Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the differences of three years,pre-intervention and post-intervention.Significant differences of various percentages were analyzed through one-sample chi-square test and independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis test.Spearman correlation analysis was used for the correlation.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results1.Their poor posture rates of the first year was the highest among the three years of tracking study(p<0.05).The asymmetry rates of the shoulders were 42.2%,66.5% and 32.1%,and the asymmetry rates of the subscapular area were 48.7%,78.8% and 39.5%,respectively.The poor posture rates of girls were significantly lower than that of boys in two years,but that of girls was significantly higher than that of boys in the second tracking year.2.The incidence rates of scoliosis risk level ?(ATR=5–6°),?(ATR=7–9°)reduced year by year,which was 34.8%,17.9%,5.1% and 5.6%,2.2%,1.6%,respectively.The incidence of scoliosis risk of girls was significantly higher than that of boys(p<0.05).Their ATR degrees in the lumbar spine were higher than that in the thoracic spine.The ATR degrees were mostly high on the right side of the thoracic segments,and mostly high on the left side of the lumbar segments.3.Their overall spine curvatures were reduced in 3 years.The overall degree of thoracic kyphotic angle(TKA)decreased year by year.There was gender difference in vertebral angles at certain segments of the sagittal plane of the spine(p<0.05).The vertebral angles at multiple segments of sagittal plane of spine of boys were significantly smaller than that of girls within 3 years.4.The total range of motion(ROM)of spine,as well as the ROM of thoracic and lumbar vertebra showed an increasing trend(p<0.05).The ROM of lumbar vertebra was higher than that of thoracic vertebra.The thoracic,lumbar vertebra and total ROM of boys all showed a decreasing trend,while the ROM of girls showed an increasing trend.The ROM of thoracic vertebra of boys was higher than that of girls.The lumbar vertebra and total ROM of girls were higher than that of boys in 1-2 years.The abnormal rates of spinal ROM were 8.6%,5.7% and 5.0%.The ROM abnormal rate of boys was on the decline within 3 years,and the ROM abnormal rate of boys was still higher than that of girls.5.The degree of ATR was weakly and significantly negatively correlated with the height,weight,BMI and muscle weight,while the body fat rate of the group with high weight and normal weight was weakly and significantly positively correlated(p<0.05).In addition,the asymmetry rate of the waist concavity among the high-weight groups was weakly and significantly positively correlated with height,weight,BMI,body fat rate and muscle weight.There was a moderately significant positive correlation between the asymmetry rates of the shoulders,the subscapular area,and the waist concavity.6.After three months of exercise intervention,the asymmetry rates of the shoulders,the subscapular area,the incidence rates of scoliosis risk and the degree of TKA were significantly decreased.The overall degree of LLA increased,among which the LLA of boys increased.The ROM of thoracic vertebra and total spine increased significantly.Conclusions1.About 40% of the students from grade 3 to grade 5 exhibited poor posture problems,and the poor posture rate of fourth-grade students was the highest through a vertical tracking,and the rate of girls' poor posture gradually exceed that of boys with the growth of age.2.The scoliosis risk rates of the students from grade 3 to grade 5 decreased year by year,but lumbar scoliosis risk was higher than the thoracic segment.The risk of scoliosis in the thoracic segment likely tended to a right curve and that in the lumbar segment likely tended to a left curve.The girls' scoliosis risk rates gradually exceed that of boys with the growth of the ages.3.On the whole,the curvature of their sagittal plane of the spine from grade 3 to grade 5 decreased,among which the curvature of the thoracic decreased.The abnormal rates of girls' spine curvature gradually exceed that of boys with the growth of the ages.The ROM of thoracic vertebra and the lumbar vertebra ROM abnormal rates of boys were higher than that of girls within three years,but the lumbar vertebra and total ROM of girls gradually exceeded that of boys with the growth of the ages.4.The risk of scoliosis of students of low-muscle weight and overweight-obesity was high.The poor posture of different parts had a compensatory influence.5.It is necessary to pay attention to spine health as early as possible.Most of the spine health indicators for the fourth-grade students improved through the general exercise therapy interventions within three months.