Social Capital,Psychological Capital And Urban Integration Of Migrant Workers

The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that the urban agglomeration should be the main structure to build a coordinated development of large,medium and small cities and small towns,and accelerate the urbanization of the agricultural transfer population.Promoting the citizenization of migrant workers has become a key step for China to actively promote the urbanization process,which is of great significance to the adjustment of the rural economic structure and the development of urbanization.According to the data from the monitoring survey report of migrant workers of the National Bureau of Statistics,in 2018,the number of migrant workers in China was 288 million,and the urban population was 831 million,accounting for 34.66%.Migrant workers have become an important part of urban groups.In spite of this,migrant workers still face many difficulties in their daily urban life:①Wage income is low,while urban prices and housing prices are relatively high;(2)The level of their education and vocational skills lags behind the demands of the urban labor market and employment limited scope;③Restricted by the household registration system,they cannot enjoy the same benefits as urban residents in education,medical care and social security;④The strong emotional and spiritual needs cannot be met well.Most migrant workers adopt an amphibious lifestyle and travel back and forth between urban and rural areas,unable to truly integrate into urban life.In this dilemma,which can neither be integrated into the urban system and life nor returned to the countryside,migrant workers have formed a self-identity of "dual marginalized people".The difficulty of integrating migrant workers into cities has severely restricted the breadth and depth of China’s urbanization process.It is of great practical significance to understand the current situation of migrant workers ’urban integration,analyze the obstacles in the process of migrant workers’ integration,and propose countermeasures and suggestions.Literature research shows that with the continuous advancement of China’s urbanization development strategy,the system obstacles such as the household registration system will have less and less impact on the urban integration of migrant workers,and whether migrant workers can gain a foothold in urban life will depend more on their own factors.Therefore,studying the impact of endogenous mechanism factors such as human capital,social capital,and psychological capital on the urban integration of migrant workers will be the focus of future research on migrant workers.From the perspective of social capital and psychological capital,this thesis uses individual-level indicators and human capital indicators as control variables,adopts the 2014 China Labor Force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)data,and uses a binary logistic regression model to empirically analyze the urban integration of migrant workers.The results show that:①In the index of individual,the marital status has a significant influence on the urban integration of migrant workers;②In the index of human capital,the higher the level of education and physical health,the greater the probability of migrant workers integrating into urban life;③In the index of social capital,the status of party members,mutual assistance with neighbors,and community participation all have a significant role in promoting the urban integration of migrant workers;④In the index of psychological capital,resilience,sense of efficacy,hope and optimism all have positive effects on the integration of migrant workers into the city.The thesis also found that social capital and psychological capital do not only affect the urban integration process of migrant workers alone.The interaction between the two will also have a positive impact on the citizenization of migrant workers,that is,migrant workers with higher social capital can use their own social network strengthens its psychological capital,and it is easier for migrant workers with higher psychological capital to expand their social networks and accumulate higher social capital.At the end of thesis,in combination with the actual analysis and theoretical analysis,from improving rural education culture level,ensuring the peasant workers’health,increase peasant workers’ vocational skills training,to build a new heterogeneous society capital strengthen psychological guidance for migrant workers,to promote rural migrant workers in cities into mind change,and so on five aspects put forward policy suggestions.