| Analyzing the income characteristics of poor households is a new perspective to examine the effectiveness and extraction of precision poverty alleviation and the optimization of income structure is an important guarantee for the sustainability of incomeg growth.Besides,it is also the direction of strengthening poverty alleviation and development management in the post-poverty era.Ningde,the birthplace of Xi's idea of managing the country with the core concept of precision management,inherits the concept and clear thread of Xi's poverty alleviation strategy,therefore it has a significance both in theory and practice to explore innovation special ideas of the poverty alleviation of Ningde and outline an era model of the Chinese special poverty alleviation.Thus,the article,selecting Ningde as the observation area and based on the real survey data of 436 poor households who came from nine counties(districts)of Ningde,analyzed the income structure and trajectory of the poor households.Through analyzing the date profoundly,it was found that the sample households had some characteristics like insufficient labor forces,a high percentage of disease,disability,and academy,a lower education level than the national average,coexisting in the condition of excessive employment and owning multiple jobs,and production self-sufficiency situation.Using the Gini coefficient and decomposition,we could closely observe the influence of income source categories and changes to income inequality,calculate the concentration rate and contribution rate of various sources of income,and clearly identify the factors affecting income changes and forming income gaps.There was a big contrast between income structure of poor households and income structure of ordinary farmers.Among them,the ratio and contribution rate of operating income of poor households were low,and the wage and property income were lower than that of ordinary formers,besides the contribution rate of transfer income was far higher than other income forms.Using the Probit model further analysis,it was found that the effect of increasing income out of poverty was significant which became the main approach to poverty eradication;improving the proportion of endogenous income was conducive to getting rid of the "return to poverty" predicament;over-emphasizing the government's supportiveness was easily to fall into the "relief trap";neglecting poverty families and individuals heterogeneities influenced the accuracy of aidmeasures;and there is a difference in poverty between mountainous areas and coastal areas,so it is necessary to provide assistance according to local conditions.Through systematic analysis,it was found that the transfer of labor force in poor families was limited,which restricted the growth of wage income;the absolute scarcity of household resources endowed the rise of operating income;the unstable of family income structure increased the risk of "return to poverty";the transition period and social discrimination which deepened rural income inequality and other factors have affected the income structure of poor households.To this end,there are the measures to ensure the stability of income while increasing the income of poor households:promoting "hematopoietic" poverty alleviation policies and exploiting local industries with special features;building asset-based income mechanisms and stabilizing the sustainability of income;innovating the rural financial poverty alleviation system and increasing endogenous development traction;enchancing"Zizhi" poverty alleviation and improving the poverty self-development ability of the masses;establishing the social organizations to support the poverty-stricken ecological chain and advocating playing role of market.In brief,all the efforts what can keep the stable of income and the growth of the poverty income should be tried.Finally a sustainable "hematopoietic mechanism" and a continue summary,improvement and enrichment "Ningde model" will be formed. |
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