The Study On Efficiency Of Tourism Industry In Chengdu Based On Three-stage DEA Model

With the development of economic society and the improvement of people's living standard,after solving the most basic living problems,the demand for tourism has become increasingly vigorous,and the tourism industry has shown a good momentum of development.Its status in the national economy is constantly improving.At present,China has become a big tourism country,and the development of tourism industry is of great significance to promote the national economy and to improve the people's living standards.As a tourist destination and a tourist transit station,city is a crucial part in the development of tourism industry,and the development quality and efficiency of tourism industry have become the focus of academic community and government.Efficiency of tourism industry refers to the economic benefits that can be obtained after applying a certain cost in a certain area as a production unit of the tourism economy.It reflects the intrinsically link between the input and output of tourism economic activities.In order to promote the development of the tourism economy under the new normal and maintain the sustainable extension of the tourism industry,realizing the maximization input and output,and maximization of total surplus of all stakeholders in the process of tourism industry development have became the important means for regional tourism enterprises and government.Chengdu,located in the central part of Sichuan Province,China,is the capital of Sichuan Province,one of China's sub-provincial cities,and it is the political,economic,cultural and educational center of Sichuan Province and also a national historical and cultural city.Chengdu as a central city of china,bears the function of the western foreign communication and integrated transportation hub.It is an important intersection between southern part and central part,southwest and northwest in china.Chengdu which is communicating with Southeast Asia and Southeast Asia is also strategic place for “One Belt One Road” and the “Yangtze River Economic Belt”.In the late 1980 s,the domestic tourism industry showed a booming trend.Chengdu seized the opportunity and took advantage of the situation.In December 1988,the Chengdu Tourism Bureau was formally established,and tourism was formally included in the new economic growth point of Chengdu.Since then,Chengdu was jointly recognized as the "Best Tourist City in China" by the National Tourism Administration and the World Tourism Organization,and successively won the title of "World Tourism Outstanding Destination City","Food Capital of the World" and "Best City in International Image".Therefore,the development momentum of Chengdu's tourism industry is even stronger.By the end of 2016,the total number of domestic and foreign tourists received by Chengdu exceeded 200 million,reaching 203 million,increased by 4.68% than last year.Total tourism revenue exceeded 250 billion RMB,reaching 250.252 billion RMB,increased by 22.65% than last year.It is occupied 20.56% of GDP in Chengdu and ranked third in all sub-provincial cities.Chengdu's tourism industry is developing rapidly.However,the efficiency of its tourism industry and the factors hinder the improvements of tourism efficiency are all issues that need to be studied in the development of social economy.In order to solve these problems,the paper constructs the input and output index system and data of tourism elements,and uses the three-phase DEA model to measure and evaluate the tourism industry efficiency of Chengdu from 2002 to 2016 after eliminating the influence of environmental factors and random factors.It provides data support for the formulation of future tourism policies in Chengdu,and it also serves as a reference for the development of tourism in other cities in China.The empirical result shows that during the period of the survey,the overall level of Chengdu's tourism industry efficiency is relatively high.The three-phase DEA model can effectively distinguish the overestimation or underestimation of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency in the traditional DEA model.Regional economic development levels,residents' income levels,transportation conditions,residents' travel preferences,and the extension which cities are open to the outside world affect the management efficiency and random error terms of the tourism industry efficiency,and the variance of the pure technical efficiency has more impact on the total variance.The management factors have a dominant influence on the input redundancy.After eliminating interference from external environmental variables and random factors,the average annual average level of the Chengdu tourism industry's overall efficiency,pure technical efficiency,and scale efficiency have shown an upward trend,and the average value of the comprehensive efficiency and the purely technical efficiency have significantly increased,indicating the adjustments.The previous data underestimated the actual comprehensive efficiency value and pure technical efficiency value,and it is in a relatively unfavorable external environment.The scale efficiency average decreased slightly after adjustment,indicating that the pre-adjustment data overestimated the actual scale efficiency value.Looking at the scale of compensation,the returns to scale of tourism industry during the time before and after the adjustment has not changed a lot.The scale returns that did not reach the DEA effective year during the time before and after the adjustment show an increasing state,it is indicated that the Chengdu tourism industry is still in the primary development stage and needs to expand the scale of investment in tourism elements.The direction of change in scale efficiency and comprehensive efficiency has strong convergence,and scale efficiency is currently the main driving force for the growth of Chengdu's tourism industry efficiency.According to the results of the paper,the following suggestions are put forward: Firstly,we should improve the development environment of tourism industry and fully exploit the potential of tourism efficiency improvement.Secondly,we can depend on the characteristics of the city,to promote extensive way of the growth of tourism industry transfer to intensive way.Thirdly,improving the scientific management level of tourism industry is also important.Fourthly,government should take action to guide tourism industry's intelligence construction.Finally,we can expand the scale of tourism industry development,and break the bottleneck of restricting the efficiency of tourism industry.Taking effective measures to promote the improvement of tourism industry efficiency level can give a channel for the transformation of the development mode of tourism industry in Chengdu,and also provide guarantee for the speed and quality of regional economic development.