| With the acceleration of urbanization in China,the continuous increase in rural non-agricultural employment has led to a decline in the supply of agricultural labor and rising labor costs.This has impacted on our traditional small-scale,decentralized family farming management system.What followed was the constant advancement of the transfer of rural land contractual management rights and the large-scale management of agriculture.In this context,the production of agricultural employees has become the norm.Agricultural hiring-labors not only solve the problem of labor shortage in agricultural scale management,but also bring advantages of division of labor and professional production.However,the production of agricultural hiring-labors differs from the conventional household contract responsibility system.The family labor has the residual claim rights,so it has a high degree of enthusiasm for labor,but the hiring-labors do not have,if the management of the hiring-labors is not perfect.The hiring-labors' activity will have a negative impact on agricultural production.This has become a problem that needs to be explored and resolved in the large-scale food operation.Based on the analysis of the development history and current status of rice production in China,this study used stratified sampling and random sampling methods to select three provinces of Heilongjiang,Sichuan,and Zhejiang for field surveys in China's three major rice production areas.797 sample plots of 499 households of different sizes were used to empirically analyze the impact of agricultural employees and supervision and incentive models on rice production efficiency.Based on this,relevant conclusions are drawn and related suggestions for improving the supervisory mechanism of the staff of the grain plantation scale are proposed.The main research process and conclusions are as follows:(1)A statistical description analysis method was used to compare the input costs and output benefits of rice in different sizes of farmer households.Findings: Labor costs have become a major investment in rice production,accounting for 42% of the total cost;hiring-labor has become an indispensable factor in scale operations;and scale households have an advantage in both input costs and output compared to ordinary households.(2)The use of stochastic frontier production functions based on different frontiers was used to measure the impact of hiring-labor input on the technical efficiency of rice production.Empirical findings: The average technical efficiency of sample farmer households in grain production is 85.11%;the ratio of agricultural employee input and grain production technology is showing an“inverted U-shaped” effect;the proportion of hiring-labor employed is within the range of 25% to 50%,and the grain production technology of farmers The most efficient.It shows that the employment of hiring-labors does affect the technical efficiency of rice production.(3)A multi-task principal-agent model was established to analyze the impact of the rice production contract on grain production efficiency.Finally,the Tobit measurement model was used to return the technical efficiency.Empirical findings: Under the current technology conditions,both the external supervision mechanism and the increase in contract wages are conducive to the improvement of production efficiency.“Fixed wages + supervision” is better than the other three types of contracts to some extent.(4)Based on the research conclusions,the following suggestions are made:(1)Actively promote agricultural specialization services,improve the agricultural market service system,further promote the specialization of agriculture and mechanized production;(2)Further promote the circulation of land contractual management rights,and actively promote moderate scale operation of agricultur.(3)Establish an effective labor supervision and protection mechanism,reduce oversight costs through information-based supervision,establish an agricultural production management mechanism for“agricultural CEOs”,(4)emphasize the accumulation of human capital for agricultural labor,and improve the construction of rural labor market in rural areas. |
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