Study On The Safety Cognition Deviation Characteristics And Formation Mechanism Of Construction Workers

The construction industry is a high-risk industry,construction safety accidents continue without end.Studies have shown that most construction safety accidents are related to the unsafe behaviors of construction workers closely.Further studies show that safety cognition bias is the fundamental factor for the construction workers' unsafe behavior.However,there are few researches on the safety cognition bias of construction workers in China relatively,and some important characteristics and mechanism problems need to be explored.For this reason,this paper adopts theoretical and empirical research methods to study the deviation characteristics and formation mechanism of construction workers' safety cognition.First,8 types of typical and common construction accidents are taken as the scale material using the psychological measurement paradigm.The occurrence rule,manifestation and deviation degree of safety cognition deviation of construction workers' are measured and analyzed from the 3 aspects of the severity,possibility and risk controllability of the accident,and the characteristics and rules of the whole cognitive bias are further identified.The influencing factors of the deviation are identified based on the deviation characteristics.Secondly,the structural equation model is used to put forward the hypothesis of the factors affecting the safety cognition deviation of the construction workers from the internal and external factors based on the research results of the basic characteristics and laws of the above security cognitive bias,and the verification analysis is carried out.This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51408266)and the Humanities and Social Sciences Fund(14YJCZH047)of the Ministry of education.The results of the study show that:1)The old workers' safety cognition results are more accurate than those of the young workers overall.The safety cognition of the young and old workers on the accident possibility is more accurate than that of the accident consequences and the risk controllability;the young and old workers are inaccurate for the safety cognition of the accident consequence severity;the old workers are more accurate for the safety cognition of the accident risk controllability than the young workers,and the old workers tend to overestimate the risk controllability of the accident,the young workers tend to underestimate the controllability of accident risk.2)It is dependent on the safety experience more,at the same time,complemented by intuition,and a little of knowledge of construction safety is used as a reference in the process of safety cognition of construction workers.Totally,the safe cognition method is based on experience,supplemented by intuition and safety knowledge.3)The results of safety cognition of construction workers are characterized by subjective,vague,difference in different safety accidents,similarity within workers' groups highly and change quickly.The process of safety cognition is characterized by strong time pressure,strong interference,low efficiency and U sensitivity.4)The working age,personal character and working status of workers are the internal factors that affect the formation of safety cognition bias.Accident characteristics,past accident experiences and enterprise safety atmosphere are the external factors that affect workers' safety cognition bias.5)There are limited rationality,safety cognition tendency and memory reconstruction in the process of safety cognition of construction workers;different workers have different cognitive styles in the process of safety cognition;safety standards will be established in workers' groups;and different safety incidents have different stimulative effects on workers.