| Farmland scale operation is the only way to develop modern agriculture.It is of great significance to optimize the allocation of land resources,increase the efficiency of agriculture and the income of farmers and ensure the national food security.However,urbanization and industrialization were been rapidly advancing and spreading,urban and rural elements flowed and reorganized rapidly.Land,population and social and economic structure transformation brought about continuous transformation of rural development.Rural labor force was seriously precipitated and the hollow village was serious in some areas especially the mountains and hilly areas;land abandoned,land resource was utilized lowly,the contradiction between human and land prominent.At present,there were such problems as single operation form and convergence of management content in farmland scale operation in mountainous and hilly areas.Therefore,it is urgent to plan and transfer the land to realize farmland scale operation in the mountainous and hilly areas under the background of rural development and transformation,to evaluate the difference of the driving factors and to divide the operation conditions to guide the operation of the zoning industry.But at present,farmland scale operation is mainly concentrated on the macro level.It is less refined to the village scale or land scale.At the same time,there is so less discussion on the regional differences from the spatial scale about it that it is not good to guide the operators'industrial planning.Therefore,this paper took Hechuan District of Chongqing,a typical hilly area of topography,as research object.First of all,taking the 30 towns of Hechuan as the research object and using the descriptive statistical analysis method,this paper systematically analyzed the current situation of farmland scale operation in the whole region in 2016,which presented the main characteristics of farmland scale operation.And then,selecting 6 towns containing 96 villages from 30 towns as the research samples,it explored and analyzed the influencing factors of farmland scale operation by establishing the evaluation index system and applying to principal components analysis,stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and correlation analysis.Based on the main driving factors,this paper calculated land scale operation conditions by establishing of evaluation index system and determining the index weight by entropy method.According to the result of the calculation,the management conditions of 96 villages were divided and arranged the main operating modes.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The spatial difference of rural land transfer is large.The main operators are micro-enterprises and family farms and there were large individual differences of them.1)The scale of transfer farmland.The total transfer ratio of Hechuan is 23.78%and there was a large gap of proportion between these towns.Yunmen,Dashi,Taihe,Qiantang and Longshi Town were at the forefront of transfer ratio level and the biggest was Yunmen Street(43.33%),But Gulou and Sanmiao Town was at the lower and Gulou was the smallest.There was more dry land than paddy fields in farmland transfer.In the whole area,the paddy field accounted for 36.24%and the dry land accounted for 63.34%.In the study area,263 villages in 431 villages had farmland conversion,accounting for 61.02%.Among them,Taihe Town accounted for 91.30%of the rural land transfer.Yanjing streets transfered land only 11.00%because of the limitation of industrial and mining land.The transfer rent is different in the 0~15000 yuan per hm~2 because of the location of the land,the type of circulation and the main operators.The closer the land was,the proportion of paddy fields was and the operators was large agricultural companies,the more the rents were.2)The main operators.At present,there were about 1351 agricultural operators,205 agricultural companies,272micro-enterprises,288 family farms and 209 agricultural cooperatives in the region.The proportion of micro-enterprises and family farms is the largest,reaching 20.33%and 21.13%respectively.The four types of new agricultural operators have obvious differences in gender,age,education,household registration and previous occupation.3)Operation model and structure.Planting industry accounted for a large proportion,the second was aquaculture and planting and breeding combination mode was relatively small.Planting industry is the main business form of family farms,micro enterprises and agricultural professional cooperatives,accounting for 48.10%,57.10%and 62.30%respectively.The operation mode of large agricultural companies was mainly the combination of planting and breeding,accounting for 60.9%.The current operation structure in Hechuan mainly include single ones,such as company-farmers,family-farms-farmers and microenterprises-farmers management structure,compound business structure such as Companies-cooperatives-farmers is less,but there is the strengthened trend of changing from single operating structure to compound one.(2)The farmland scale operation is the result of many factors such as natural,social economy and individual differences.1)Natural factors:The Farmland scale operation is notably affected by natural factors,such as terrain undulation,the proportion of uphill farmland more than 15 degree,border density,the size of spot and the proportion of paddy fields.The proportion of paddy field,map size and transfer proportion is positively correlated and the proportion of slope farmland,terrain undulation and boundary density were negatively correlated.The influence of slope farmland and border density is extremely significant.2)Socio-economic factors:The distance from the urban area is negatively correlated with the transfer ratio.Government subsidies,non-agricultural employment level,irrigation guarantee rate,traffic accessibility and the proportion of family outgoing households were positively correlated.Among them,the impact of government subsidies and distance was significant.The proportion of family outgoing household and the level of non-agricultural employment played a significant role in the scale management of rural land under the background of rural transformation.3)The factors of operators:As the representative factors,the transfer rent,employee funds and mechanization had a significant effect on farmland scale operation.The level of transfer rent and the employee's funds has a direct limiting effect on the operation.The convenience of farming mechanization land utilization level depended largely on the tillage plots topography,fragmentation degree and field and tractor road.The mechanization level raised by the project in the convective plot will have an important influence on the agricultural operation.(3)There were significant differences in the spatial of farmland scale operation conditions.It can be divided into:scale agriculture demonstration area,agricultural comprehensive development area,mountainous agricultural characteristic area and ecological agriculture development area.The value of farmland scale operation is 0.17~0.55.The scale of agricultural demonstration area in the scale of agricultural demonstration area has the best management conditions,and the operating conditions of the agricultural comprehensive development area,the mountainous agricultural characteristic area and the ecological agriculture development zone were reduced in turn.The proportion of land circulation was 42.26%,25.24%,27.27%and 5.23%respectively.The maximum operating scale was 120hm~2,48.20hm~2,21.40hm~2 and 5.36hm~2 respectively.The average operation scale was>33.5hm~2,13.40~33.50hm~2,3.35~13.40hm~2 and1.34hm~2,respectively.The scale operation model of each district can consider the introduction of large agricultural enterprises,micro-enterprises,agricultural cooperatives and family farms,respectively.The scale of operation can consider the average operation scale of each district and stick to the principle of farmland moderate scale operation.At the same time,according to the actual development in different districts,the operation conditions should be improved according to local conditions.In summary,based on the land transfer and agricultural land operation in Hechuan district,this paper studied the current situation and influencing factors of agricultural land scale management from the perspective of villages and towns and makes conditional zoning.The research results show that,the spatial difference of farmland transfer in Hechuan district is large.The main operators of agricultural land scale are micro-enterprises and family farms,and there are obvious differences among four kinds of operator in individual situations such as age and education level.The scale management of agricultural land is influenced by natural factors such as topographic relief,socio-economic factors such as distance from urban areas,and operating main factors such as transfer rent.Agricultural land scale operation conditions can be divided into scale agricultural demonstration areas,comprehensive agricultural expansion areas,mountainous agricultural characteristics areas and ecological agricultural development areas from superior to inferior.Those conclusions provide some reference for different conditional areas to plan industries according to local conditions and reasonably configure their scale and mode. |
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