Measurement And Spatial Differentiation Of Tourism Poverty Alleviation Efficiency In Xinjiang Agricultural And Pastoral Areas

The issue of poverty has always been one of the important sources that hinder the progress and development of human society and cause instability in the social environment.Xinjiang is a multi-ethnic area and it is also one of China's key poverty-stricken areas.The long-term policy of relying on "transfusion-style" poverty alleviation has not effectively improved the overall situation of poverty.Tourism poverty alleviation not only combines the development of tourism with anti-poverty,but also helps cultivate the “blood-making” function of poor residents.It is an effective way to solve the long-term poverty problem in Xinjiang.The type of tourism resources in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Xinjiang ranks first in the country,and the development of tourism has a unique advantage.This provides hope for farmers and herders in all regions of Xinjiang to rely on the development of tourism resources to improve poverty.In recent years,some regions in Xinjiang have adopted tourism as an important policy to promote economic development and poverty eradication,and have achieved good results.However,as a whole,the poverty alleviation effect of various regions in Xinjiang is seriously uneven.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the spatio-temporal differences and influencing factors of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency in Xinjiang,find the reasons for the gaps,promote the healthy and stable development of the tourism economy in Xinjiang,and effectively improve the poverty alleviation efficiency of tourism.From the perspective of tourism poverty alleviation,this paper adopts data envelopment analysis(DEA)to measure the tourism poverty alleviation efficiency of 15 prefectures(cities)in Xinjiang from 2006 to 2016.The results show that the overall tourism poverty alleviation efficiency in Xinjiang belongs to the middle and upper levels,and The poverty alleviation efficiency of tourism in the state has certain volatility in the time dimension.Using MI to measure the dynamic changes in tourism poverty alleviation efficiency,and using tourism two-dimensional coordinates in combination with poverty alleviation efficiency to divide the performance of tourism poverty alleviation across counties(cities)into four different types: backward type,catch-up type,dominant type and decline type;and further divide the evolution pattern of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency over time in different regions(cities),divided into three types: gradual,repeated,and abrupt changes;and the microscopic part uses 882 survey data to study tourism in Xinjiang's agricultural and pastoral areas.The statistical analysis was conducted on the internal poverty-reducing factors and the external poverty-reducing factors.In terms of spatial differentiation,we use the Nature breaks classification method in ArcGIS to study the state of spatial disparity from different perspectives.We find that regions(capital cities)in Xinjiang have regional spatial agglomeration in both economic efficiency and poverty alleviation efficiency.The overall performance is “low in the north and high in the south”.The possible innovations of the article are as follows:(1)the current research on Tourism poverty alleviation is mainly focused on the evaluation of tourism economic benefits,which is generally measured by the single index of tourism income or per capita GDP,and the economic benefits can not be compared to the horizontal ratio between regions,for a brigade with high industrial relevance.In tourism,the analysis surface is too narrow.The indirect index of tourism economic efficiency is used to make a quantitative description of the situation of poverty alleviation in Xinjiang's agricultural and pastoral areas,so as to avoid the shortcomings of the horizontal comparison between the economic benefits and to reflect the efficiency of poverty alleviation in various regions.(2)combined with Malmquist index and spatial visualization analysis,horizontal and vertical comparative analysis can be carried out,and the analysis is more complete.(3)in this paper,the super efficiency DEA is adopted to avoid the shortcoming of inefficient relative efficiency between the relative effective decision units existing in the traditional DEA method.(4)through the combination of macro and micro analysis,this paper makes a more comprehensive and in-depth study of the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation in Xinjiang's agricultural and pastoral areas.