Research On The Theory And Policy Evolution Of Rural Poverty Alleviation In My Country (1978-2018)

It is one of the severe tests that every developed country and developing country is facing to alleviate and eradicate poverty,so as to completely solve the livelihood problem and development problem of a country or region.It is also a problem that economics and sociology have to solve.To this end,economists and sociologists have conducted explorations and researches on how the government formulate poverty alleviation policies and tackle poverty issues for a long time.Many ideas and theories about poverty alleviation have been proposed,and many mature systems of poverty alleviation have been formed in practice.According to the different poverty situations in different stages of poverty alleviation,this paper divides poverty alleviation practice into four poverty alleviation stages from the perspective of "targeting mechanism".In each stage,the Chinese government's poverty alleviation theory and poverty alleviation policies have new changes.This paper tries to summarize the different theories and policies for poverty alleviation.At the beginning of the last century,poverty alleviation theories began with the main principle of "economic growth".In the process of economic development,people have come to realize that it is not merely "blood transfusion" poverty alleviation,but it should emphasize the cultivation of people's ability to get rid of poverty.Therefore,the aiming accuracy of poverty alleviation targets is constantly improving,and the connotation of poverty alleviation is constantly expanding.Whether these phases exist independently or there is some kind of progressive relationship.The Chinese government has made great achievements in the phase of targeted poverty alleviation in the past few years.Whether or not the theories and policies of targeted poverty alleviation are applicable to different stages of poverty alleviation in order to maximize the effectiveness of poverty alleviation.From the theoretical and policy-practical aspects,it is found that poverty alleviation policies are constantly changing during the four stages of poverty alleviation.The aiming accuracy of the target ranges from the region to the county,to the village,and then to the household,with the precision continuously refined;the definition of poverty is more abundant and no longer limited to lack of material resources,which increases the emphasis on one's own ability.According to the methodology and the primary-secondary contradictions in philosophy,through historical analysis methods,our research on the development stage of poverty alleviation policies after the reform and opening up,the theory of poverty and poverty alleviation at home and abroad,and the performance of poverty alleviation policies also found that the implementation of poverty alleviation policies at each stage will inevitably lead to the emergence of different principal contradictions and secondary contradictions,so it will promote changes in the poverty alleviation policy.For example,the decentralization of the poverty-stricken population will make the targeting accuracy of the policies more demanding;the causes of poverty are more complicated and diverse,so the government will actively change its mind and adopt more diverse and diversified poverty alleviation methods.After summing up China's successful poverty alleviation practice,this paper believes that as a large population country,successful experience is to adhere to the progressive poverty alleviation task.In the early days,people are faced with the problem of universal poverty and national economic underdevelopment,so liberating the productive forces,relying on institutional reforms to promote economic development,and implementing the idea of"the rich first pushing those being rich later"are imperative for everyone to get out of poverty.With the development of economy,due to factors like the differentiation of geographical environment and natural resources,poor population distribution tends to regionalization and point-line-surface model,requiring further improvement in the accuracy of target targeting,to ensure that most poor people can truly have access to poverty alleviation policies.At the same time,with the government as the leader,a poverty alleviation system with multiple entities and coordinated participation is established,encouraging multiple entities to fully utilize their innovative capabilities.This is also the only way to achieve that China's poverty reduction focus shift toward relative poverty in 2020.