| The photovoltaic industry is a strategic emerging industry supported by China.Since 2009,the central and local governments have introduced large-scale subsidy policies for centralized PV investment,R&D and power generation applications,and achieved remarkable results.However,at the same time of the rapid growth of centralized PV installation capacity,the problem of photovoltaic energy wasting in centralized photovoltaic power plants in Northwest China,North China and Northeast China has become increasingly serious.Therefore,after 2013,the Chinese government vigorously advocated and promoted distributed photovoltaic power generation,and the development of distributed photovoltaic has become one of the important means to solve the problem of photovoltaic energy wasting.At the same time,centralized PV subsidies decline in large scale in 2013,and local governments implemented subsidy policies for residents' distributed PV follow-up.How the implementation of these policies affects PV companies and the installation of distributed PV residents is the worth studying Important questions.Government has its objective of actual needs and special policy orientation for the photovoltaic industry subsidies,but the subsidies effect restricted by many practical factors.Through the analysis of the status quo and possible problems of centralized PV subsidy policy implementation,it is found that the centralized PV subsidy policy in 2013 has inhibited the growth of PV installed capacity,but the impact of this policy on PV R&D investment is subject to many uncertain factors.Since 2013,the distributed photovoltaic subsidy policy of the central government and local governments has been restricted by factors such as financing difficulties and grid connection difficulties in the specific implementation process.The actual evaluation of subsidy policy implementation remains to be further investigated and studied.In the third chapter,based on the in-depth analysis of the status quo and problems of the implementation of the centralized PV subsidy policy and by using fixed-effect models,clear regression discontinuity and other more mature policy evaluation methods,the paper evaluate effect of the back slope policy on PV corporate R&D investment.The empirical results show that the centralized PV subsidy back slope policy in 2013 led to a decline in the R&D intensity of PV companies and inhibited the improvement of independent innovation capability of PV companies.In further robustness tests such as PSM-DID and Bootstrap,the effects of macroeconomic fluctuations and sample size on empirical results were excluded,and the robustness of the research conclusions was ensured.The empirical study found that the centralized PV subsidy policy has significantly reduced the R&D intensity of PV companies,hindered the improvement of independent innovation capability,and damaged the stable policy environment needed for enterprises to strengthen R&D investment and independent innovation.The optimization of existing PV subsidy policy is urgently needed to solve the problems faced by the development of photovoltaic industry such as “grabbing the tide of PV installation”,thus promoting the improvement of independent innovation capability of photovoltaic enterprises.In the fourth chapter,some villages and towns in Hangzhou and Jiaxing,Zhejiang Province,which are typical of distributed PV development,are selected as survey destinations.The two regions are used as examples to conduct on-the-spot questionnaires survey and interview research on the implementation of distributed PV subsidy policies for residents.In this part,the structural equation model(SEM)is used to construct the resident distributed photovoltaic satisfaction model and the willingness model for payment,and the corresponding questionnaires and scales are designed to explore the main factors affecting residents' satisfaction and willingness to pay.In the field interviews,in-depth interviews were conducted with local government officials,power companies,PV users and other villagers to collect first-hand information on the implementation of residents' distributed PV subsidy policies,and a total of 371 valid questionnaires were issued.The structural equation model of questionnaire data shows that product value perception,product service and policy cognition are the main factors affecting user satisfaction,while expected income is the main factor affecting residents' willingness to pay.The analysis of questionnaire data and interview data found that the main problems in the promotion of distributed PV in residents are:(1)subsidy policy propaganda is not in place,residents' risk awareness needs to be strengthened;(2)PV company after-sales service quality is the focus of residents(3)User satisfaction and residents' willingness to pay are low,which hinders the further promotion of distributed PV.The fifth chapter proposes targeted policy recommendations for the centralized PV subsidy policy and the resident distributed PV subsidy policy.The policy recommendations for the centralized PV subsidy policy are:(1)Optimizing the overall design of the centralized PV subsidy policy,providing a stable institutional environment for enterprises to strengthen R&D investment;(2)Further implementing the renewable energy quota system,make up for the shortcomings of the Feed-In Tariffs(FIT);(3)standardize the process of subsidy fund issuance,and avoid the arrears of subsidy funds and affect the R&D investment of enterprises.The policy recommendations for residents' distributed PV subsidy policies mainly include:(1)strengthening policy propaganda and enhancing residents' risk awareness;(2)exploring new modes of PV operation and eliminating public investment concerns;(3)safeguarding user investment income and improving residents Satisfaction.The possible innovations of this paper are as follows:(1)Using new econometric methods such as Regression Discontinuity(RD)and PSM-DID to evaluate the impact of centralized PV subsidy policy on R&D investment;(2)Constructing the resident distributed photovoltaic satisfaction model and the willingness to pay model,and mining the main factors affecting the satisfaction and willingness to pay;(3)Combining the empirical analysis,the first-hand survey data and field interview materials to propose a highly targeted Policy optimization advice... |
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