A Study On The Problem Of Migrant Workers Citizenization And The Influencing Factors

In the process of new urbanization in our country,a large number of migrant workers leave their hometown to seek a better life in cities.They also contribute their own strength to the development of cities.As the main aspect of urbanization,realizing the "urbanization of people" is the ultimate goal,of which the migrant workers' citizenization has become the most important issue.Migrant workers citizenization refers to the migrant workers into the city,in the self-worth,lifestyle,social identity and other aspects of a change to urban citizens,and thus in the public services,social security and other basic rights to obtain the same with urban residents treatment.This process will be subject to many factors.This paper firstly reviews the relevant literature about the migration of floating population and the citizenization of peasant workers in core journals both at home and abroad.It concludes that the existing research has different definitions about the factors that affect migrant workers' willingness to become citizens and quantitative analysis using econometric models yields relatively few results.Targeted selection of certain factors on the willingness of the people for the impact of research is even rarer.In addition,most of the data selected in the existing literature are the individual data obtained by the researchers participating in the social survey.It is difficult to comprehensively summarize the sample size and the coverage all of the samples.The results of the regional macro data are also rare.This paper defines the related concepts of population migration,migrant workers and their citizenization appearing in the analysis.By summarizing and combing the theories of population migration from western countries,this study makes a corresponding theoretical support for the empirical analysis of this article.Then it clarifies the research methods and econometrics models used in this paper.In the part of empirical analysis,this paper describes the status quo of China's peasant workers in the process of urbanization.It starts from the development of urbanization in our country,finding that the urbanization rate between resident and household registration population in China is basically maintained at a gap of 16% to 18%.It means our country is still in a semi-urbanized state.Through the basic living,employment conditions,social security,education status of migrant children into the city and other aspects to explore the status quo of its citizen,and respectively calculate the corresponding cost.We finds the annual opportunity cost of urbanization of migrant workers is 9246.98 yuan;the personal cost of living is 11092.62 yuan;the cost of participating in social security is 9785.68 yuan;the cost of receiving compulsory education for the relocated children is 33622.53 yuan;and the cost of public infrastructure investment is 58614.06 yuan.At the same time,we analyzes the restrictive factors and concludes that the migrant workers are affected by the household registration system,the disparity between urban and rural development,the uneven income distribution and environmental pollution in the process of urbanization.According to the analysis of specific factors,based on the survey data of the National Floating Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey,from the perspectives of economy,employment,social security and psychological belonging,we select the appropriate indicators to measure the degree of urbanization of migrant workers,finding there are some differences among areas.Probit model and conditional Logit model are used to explore the factors influencing the interprovincial migration and citizenship of migrant workers.The paper also analyzes the impact of the difference air quality between inflow and residence.It finds that the difference of air PM2.5 concentration between the inflow place and the household registration area negatively affects the migrant workers' willingness to migrate and citizenization.The floating population in the central and western regions is relatively affected by the air pollution,while in the eastern and northeastern regions,higher level of employment opportunities reduces the impact of air quality to a certain extent.In addition,according to the perspective of demographic characteristics,individuals with different hukou types,education levels,and marital status also experienced differences in the air quality.This article further measures the degree of urbanization of migrant workers in China from the four dimensions of psychological affiliation,employment status,economic life,and social security.We find that the degree of urbanization of migrant workers in China is mostly concentrated between 0.3 and 0.5.Among them,the average social security level is only 0.111,reflecting the current low level of social security participation of migrant workers,and the need to continuously improve the corresponding mechanism in the future development.Finally,we further analyze that migrant workers tending to be civilized have a certain promotion effect on their children's education level by propensity score matching.At last,we analyze the path to speed up the citizenization of peasant workers in our country.This paper proposes to set up a mechanism to share peasant workers' cost of citizenship;reform household registration and points system;make a fair education and training system to promote human capital investment;create a good external environment;promote regional coordinated development of these countermeasures and enlightenment.