Research On Transition Of Rural Land System

Land is the material basis for survival and development of human society,that has a close connection with human history.For a long time,one nation' rise and fall has related to possession and loss of land,and in history all powerful dynasties' rise accompany with expanding of land.Who possesses wealthy with land,and who controls political power with land also.As a special factor of production and social resources,land issue is not only an economic issue,but also a major political issue.The history of China's 5,000 years of civilization is a typical history of agricultural civilization.Land issues are throughout the fighting history and developing history of Chinese Ethnic Peoples.Whether the land system is reasonable or not concerns the destiny of the country,the rise and fall of the nation,social equity and justice,and the people's happiness and contentment.Along with our country' social economy development,the continuous improvement of the socialist market economy,new industrialization,informatization,urbanization and agricultural modernization deepened constantly,the existing rural land system in China is more and more difficult in adapting to the development of the changing situation,which has exposed all sorts of contradictions and problems.The 19 th national party congress report proposed to realize the basic modernization by 2035,compared with industrialization,informatization,and urbanization,obviously challenges of agricultural modernization is the biggest.The core issue of realizing agricultural modernization is moderate concentration and intensive management of rural land.The key to achieve this goal is the reform of land system.The paper focuses on the changes of the rural land system,emphatically from the rural land ownership and the relevant land administration system as the two breakthrough point,analyses the land system change in modern times in China,in order to grasp the change regularity of land system to adapt to the social economic development.This paper introduces the land property theory which affects the land system change,which covers “The Land System of the Heavenly Kingdom”,“land equalization”in Xinhai Revolution from sun yat-sen,Agrarian Revolution led by Chinese Communist Party before liberation and twice land system changes after liberation.Through the analysis of the transition of China's rural land system,this paper points out the prominent problems are rural land ownership and land management system.In the aspect of rural land ownership,the main body of rural land owners is ambiguous and the rights of rural land owners are incomplete in both legal and practical aspects.There are four problems in the rural land management system: firstly,the traditional idea of "land equalization" affects the change of land management system for a long time;Secondly,the government in the land management system change in the long-term exceeding their authority;thirdly,the change of land management system has strong dual structure of "city-centered”;fourthly,it is difficult in land transfer and slowly developed in land large-scale management.To sum up,the paper analyzes three different directions of reform of rural land ownership,and responds to the opposing views and concerns of different directions of ownership reform.It is thinking that the main target is that China's rural land system reform should be to promote land moderate large-scale management,foster the subject of the new business and build perfect rural land property market mechanism.The core are based on perfecting the land owner's equity,combining government promotion and market mechanism in agriculture.The principles are paying attention to the top-level design,system planning,pilot project and breakthroughs in key areas.Four Suggestions are put forward to improve the existing rural land management system in China:firstly,rural land expropriation should consider “farmer transfer amount”as important constraint condition;Secondly,the market gain of rural land should be the special fund of "farmers citizenization";Thirdly,we should actively promote the transfer mechanism of land owners' qualification;Fourthly,we should establish a unified rural land transfer service system.In short,the rural land system reform should focus on solving agriculture as a core,resolving countryside problems from the construction of urban and rural integration,eliminating the rural land system reform constrained factors,thus promoting agricultural modernization,farmers urbanization,urban and rural development synchronization.