Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Habitat Restoration In Liaohe Nature Reserve

The Liao River is one of the seven major rivers in China and is also the mother river of the Liaoning people.Since the 1960s,with the acceleration of economic development,industrialization,and urbanization,the Liaohe River has become one of the most polluted rivers in China's rivers,and its structure and function have been severely damaged.In March 2010,the Liaoning Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government designated the dyke as the boundary,defined a total area of 538 kilometers,a total area of 18,000 square kilometers of the Liaohe mainstream river management area as a protected area,and implemented the "returning the river to the river and sealing And other series of measures to unify the exercise of environmental protection,water conservancy,land and resources,transportation,agriculture,forestry,marine and fishery and other departments within the scope of protected areas in accordance with the law.The decentralized management of the Liaohe River has made the governance and protection of the Liaohe River from past long-running waters,sub-management,and division into overall planning,centralized management,and comprehensive protection.The Liaohe Nature Reserve Management Bureau is the first administrative institution established in China to take comprehensive management of river basins as the goal.It is the first time that the seven major rivers in China have been set up.By 2015,the protected area has been established for 6 years.In order to quantitatively evaluate the recovery effect since the establishment of the Liaohe Nature Reserve,the habitat quality module and the flora quality assessment method(FQA)in the In VEST model have been adopted from the aspects of ecosystem function and structure respectively.Evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the Liaohe Conservation Area policy.The Habitat Quality Module is a model for generating habitat quality maps based on the impact of human activities on habitats,combined with information on land use/land cover and threats to biodiversity,and its assessment results are as follows:(1)Based on ArcGIS10.1,the land use of the Liaohe Nature Reserve in the embankments and embankments outside the embankment(buffered 5km outside the embankment)in 2009 and 2015 was matrix-transformed,and the changes in the number and area of the 21 kinds of land use types in the two phases were compared.The results show that,regardless of the embankment or embankment,the area of artificial land is increasing and the area of natural habitat is decreasing.The growth rate of artificial land outside the embankment is greater than that inside the embankment.The mining land and urban land use are significantly higher than the embankment,and the area of dryland outside the embankment is decreasing.It shows that the policy of returning farmland to rivers in protected areas has been well implemented.(2)The quality of habitats in 2009 and 2015 was assessed by the In VEST Model Habitat Quality Module.The results showed that the Habitat Quality Index was 0.47 in 2009 and 0.46 in 2015;it was 0.32 in 2009 and 0.30 in 2015.The overall trend is decreasing.Among them,the number of grids with average,good,and excellent evaluation grades is decreasing,and the grades of difference and difference are increasing.Degradation outside the embankment is greater than that inside the embankment,and the habitat quality within the embankment is higher than that outside the embankment.FQA is a method for the rapid assessment of habitat quality using the conservation of plant species to specific habitats and species richness of plant communities.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2014 to 2016,35 families and 135 species of plants were found in the reserve.Among them,Compositae,Gramineae,and Leguminosae are absolutely dominant in number,and there is no significant increase in the number of species.Among them,21 species of invasive plants were found,increasing from 12 species in 2014 to 13 species in 2016,with the largest number of species in the Compositae family.Overall,the number of invasive species showed an increasing trend.(2)Using the expert scoring method,a conservative coefficient(C-value)was assigned to the 125 plant species found in the three-year survey,and a database was established.Overall,the conservation of plants in Liaohe Nature Reserve is low.There are 62 species with C values below 3,close to half of the total,and the highest conservative coefficient is 6,with only one species.(3)Calculate the FQI values of 21 sampling sites from 2014 to 2016 three years.Overall,it shows the trend of decreasing first and then increasing.Specifically,it is represented by five high-value river sections(Fudian,Sanhe,and Fankou).,Shuguang Bridge,Jiuhu Tsui),3 low value river sections(Daniu,Panshan,Pingdingshan).In summary,the habitat quality of the Liaohe Nature Reserve has not improved significantly.Although the environment within the embankment is relatively stable,the increase of artificial activities outside the embankment also brings corresponding pressure on the embankment environment.Although the vegetation coverage has increased,the species composition has been degraded..The FQA and In VEST models can effectively assess the quality of habitat restoration and serve the scientific assessment of the river's ecological restoration effectiveness.The C value database established in this paper can also provide reference for the evaluation of other ecosystem restoration effectiveness.In summary,the habitat quality of the Liaohe Nature Reserve has not improved significantly.Although the environment within the embankment is relatively stable,the increase of artificial activities outside the embankment also brings corresponding pressure on the embankment environment.Although the vegetation coverage has increased,the species composition has been degraded..The FQA and In VEST models can effectively assess the quality of habitat restoration and serve the scientific assessment of the river's ecological restoration effectiveness.The C value database established in this paper can also provide reference for the evaluation of other ecosystem restoration effectiveness.