Research On The Spatial Distribution And Spatial Evolution Characteristics Of Religious Sites In Qinghai Province

Religious culture is an important element of human history and culture.It not only exerts great influence on human life customs and ideology,but also deeply penetrates into many fields such as literature and art.Qinghai is the ancient Central Plains leading to the western regions and Tubo.Qinghai is the history of the Silk Road that known as the South.Therefore,the culture is influenced by the Central Plains culture,India culture and Arabia culture.The religious culture is also very strong as well as the numerous ethnic groups in Qinghai.Buddhism,Taoism,Islam,Christianity and Catholicism’s five major religions have spread as well as the original Bon religion and folk religion.Qinghai province is a high proportion of multi-ethnic,multi-religious and religious-people.At present,there are few researches on the space-time relationship of religious culture through use of GIS that spatial analysis methods.Especially in terms of spatial characteristics,spatial and temporal evolution and visualization studies are slightly insufficient.Therefore,this paper collects historical literature and local history records,and takes the "Religion History of Qinghai Province" as an important research document.It takes Tibetan Buddhism temples,mosques,Taoist temples,and churches as the research object.And it also takes the Southern and Northern Dynasties to modern times as research periods.The current administrative divisions of Qinghai Province are used as research areas.From the perspective of religious and cultural geography,this paper establishes a geographical database of religious culture in Qinghai Province.Using the analysis methods of nearest-distance distance index,nuclear density estimation,geographical concentration index,gravity center migration,spatial autocorrelation,etc.,we first conducted in-depth analysis and excavation of the space-time information of two main religious sites(Tibetan Buddhist temples and mosques)in Qinghai Province.Secondly,the author analyzes the evolutionary characteristics and influencing factors of the spatial and temporal distribution of the overall religious sites using the correlation analysis method in SPSS software.Finally,it studies the evolution pattern of religious culture in Qinghai Province.(1)The spatial distribution pattern of Qinghai province overall religious sites was"gathering" mode of distribution,is "East West less" feature,spatial distribution patterns of different types of religious sites are also different.Mosques and Tibetan Buddhist temples are "agglomeration" mode and have strong significance.Mosques are concentrated in the eastern part of Qinghai.Tibetan Buddhist temples form two dense areas in the East and south of Qinghai respectively.The distribution pattern of the Christian Church as the "random discrete",the distribution pattern of Taoism is the"random type".(2)The spatial distribution pattern:Tibetan Buddhist temple by the song and Yuan Dynasties,the "dual core cluster" after the Ming and Qing and modern social development and gradually evolved into the "continuous agglomeration area";by Islamic mosques in Yuan and Ming Dynasty "single core cluster" after the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China and the development of modern society and gradually evolved into "from the east to the west half the nuclear radiation type of diminishing spatial pattern;and the Taoist temples and Christian churches are fewer in number and scattered distribution in Qinghai Province in the eastern region.(3)In the aspect of cultural transfer:Tibetan Buddhist culture in the northeast northwest northeast migration situation in Qinghai Province,the spatial association of the temple was the "diffusion" area gradually expanded and is independent of the "bulk"distribution,"backward" areas are continuously large "massive" distribution;Islamic culture is the southeast northwest Southwest "migration situation in Qinghai Province,the spatial association of the mosque is significant,Eastern Qinghai Province,Longhua Hui Autonomous County,Xunhua Salar Autonomous County,Minhe Hui and Tu Autonomous County to stabilize the mosque in high density area,southwest and northwest part of the county(city)for unstable mosque low density area and a" patchy"distribution.(4)In terms of influencing factors,the spatial distribution of religious sites in Qinghai province showed a prominent regularity.With the increase of altitude and the increase of slope,the distribution scale increased first and then decreased.They are mainly concentrated in the area with an altitude of 2000-3000m and a gradient of 2 degrees-15 degrees.The closer the distance to the main road and the main city,the greater the number of local religious sites.The more religious places there are,the farther away from the river.(5)The religious development stage of evolution can be divided into four stages.Before the Tang Dynasty,there was a period of "discrete religion," and various religions with Buddhism and Taoism as their main religions coexisted in a discrete pattern.During the Song,Yuan,and Ming Dynasties,the "religion of Tibetan Buddhism was an advantage".In the "discrete" stage,multiple religions dominated by Tibetan Buddhism coexisted in a discrete pattern.During the Qing period,the "religious agglomeration with the combination of Tibetan Buddhism and Islam" was staged,and multiple religions co-existed in a clustering pattern.In modern times,it was the stage of "the integration of religions." Many religions,mainly Islam,coexisted and merged.