The Effects Of Pre-pregnancy Overweight In Mice Induced By High-fat And High-sugar Feed On Vitamin D Metabolism And Glucose And Lipid Metabolism During Pregnancy, As Well As On The Glucose And Lipid Metabolism Of Children

Objective:To investigate the effects of high sucrose/fat diet induced overweight before pregnancy on metabolizing enzymes associated with vitamin D and glycolipid metabolism.Methods:Female mice were acclimatized to new environment for 1 week,and were then randomly divided into 2 groups.Mice in group C(control)were fed with the basal diet and group H(HFHS)with the high-sucrose/fat throughout the experiment.After 8 weeks food intervention,female mice were mated with normal male mice overnight.Mating was confirmed by presence of a vaginal mucous plug the next morning,which signified PO.Body weight,food and energy intakes and blood glucose were measured at multiple time points before and during pregnancy.At P17,after the fat distribution of pregnant rats was observed by MRI,mice were killed.The parameters about glucose and lipid metabolism and metabolizing enzymes associated with vitamin D were studied.Meanwhile,placenta,liver,pancreas were collected for pathological examination.Results:The body weight of group H was higher than that of group C at multiple time points before pregnancy.On P10,the blood glucose level was showed as:group H>C.there was no significant difference in blood glucose and insulin levels between the two groups on P17,but the score of P-cell function had a decreasing trend.The LDL-C and T-CHO levels in group H were significantly higher than that in group C.Histopathological observations showed that the morphological structures of the islet and liver were normal in group C.However,hypertrophy of pancreatic islets and fatty deposition of liver were existed in H group.Notably,the levels of 25(OH)VD and 1,25(OH)VD were down-regulated.The levels of Ca and PTH in group H were markedly higher than that in group C.Whereas there was no obvious difference in the levels of DBP.In visceral adipose tissue,CYP24al and VDR levels were significantly higher in the H group compared with the C group,while CYP27bl was not significantly different between groups.CYP24al in hepatic was increased,however,there were no significant differences in CYP2r1,CYP27b1 and VDR.Renal CYP2r1 and CYP27bllevels in H group were similar to those of the C group,but CYP24a1 was increased.The expression of CYP24al in placental tissues increased and CYP27bl decreased.Histopathological observations showed that the morphological structures of the placentas were normal in group C.And placental in the H group had inflammatory cell aggregation,accompanied by calcification and necrosis.Conclusion:High fat/sugar diet causes increased blood glucose in the middle of pregnancy,some pancreas atrophy,decreased insulin secretion,and liver fat changes.Moreover,the regulatory effects of PTH and Ca on CYP27bl were weakened,CYP24al was increased,and the levels of 1,25(OH)VD and 25(OH)VD were decreased.In addition,the increased of CYP24al and the decreased of CYP27bl promote the occurrence of placental inflammation.Objective:To investigate the effects of high-fat and high-sugar feeding before and during pregnancy on the development of fetal rats and newborn mice,as well as on glucose and lipid metabolism in later life.Methods:At 17th day of pregnancy,fetus obtained by caesarean section.At 19th day of pregnancy,babies were delivered.For the fetus and newborns,we measured the bodyweight and body height.We feed the offspring until 11M with the basal diet and then ended.Body weight and food intakes were measured every one week.And blood glucose was measured every other month.At 9M+2W,IPGTT were measured.At the 11M,offspring was killed after blood collection.The parameters about lipid metabolism were studied.Meanwhile,pancreas and liver were collected for pathological examination.Results:The weight and height of the fetal mice were increased,but not the newborns'.Mice from HM were heavier in the early stage,and then lower in the middle period.HM had lower blood glucose in the first stage and higher in the second stage.There was little difference between female groups.Homogeneous assays for lipoprotein found that TG and T-CHO were decreased in HM group.Histopathological observations showed that the morphological structures of the islet and liver were normal in group C.However,atrophy of pancreatic islets and fatty deposition of liver were existed in HM group.Conclusion:High-fat/sugar diet before and during pregnancy reduced the incidence of absorptive fetuses and increased the body weight and body height of 17-day pregnant rats.However,the growth rate of fetal mice at the later stage of pregnancy was decreased,and the weight of newborn mice was slightly decreased.The effect on weight and glycolipid metabolism of offspring was small.