Research On The Grade Characteristics Of The Finals Of Mandarin Of Kazakhs

This paper summarizes and analyzes the pronunciation biased errors of theKazakh Putonghua finals through traditional listening.Pronunciation biased errors aredivided into pronunciation errors and pronunciation defects,in which thepronunciation errors are classified as sound exchange,reduction,addition andconfusion between the front nasal finals and the back nasal finals:Firstly,the error types of the Kazakh Putonghua finals.?.In the aspect of sound exchange:People of the second-level grade A inPutonghua can't distinguish between u and i,ai and ei,uai and uei,an and en,uanand uen,ang and eng,uang and ueng,ao and ou.In addition,e and i[(?)][(?)],terminal sounds n and i,terminal sounds ng and u,ou and uo can't be distinguished.People ofthe second-level grade B in Putonghua add new errors that they can't distinguishbetween iao and iou,ong and eng.People of the third-level grade A in Putonghua addnew error that they can't distinguish between u and u.People of the third-level gradeB in Putonghua add new errors that they can't distinguish between ua and uo,en andin,terminal sounds ng and i.People of the non-classified in Putonghua are the same asthe third-level grade B.?.In the aspect of sound reduction:People of the second-level grade A inPutonghua lose the head vowel u and terminal sounds u,n and ng;finals uo,ie,ue andou lose the essential vowels;finals ian and uan lose the essential vowels as well.People of the second-level grade B in Putonghua have no error that final ou loses theessential vowel and add new errors that they lose the essential vowels in final ei andfinal iang and lose terminal sound i;middle ringing compound finals and nasalfinals(having head vowels)lose the essential vowels and terminal sounds.People ofthe third-level grade A in Putonghua have the error that final ou loses the essentialvowel,other errors are the same as the second-level grade B.People of the third-levelgrade B in Putonghua add new error that they lose head vowel i.People of thenon-classified in Putonghua add new error that they lose the essential vowel in finaluei.?.In the aspect of sound addition:People of the second-level grade A in Putonghua increase terminal sounds n and ng,and increase er.People of thesecond-level grade B in Putonghua add new errors that they increase head vowel i andread the final u as uo.People of the third-level grade A in Putonghua have no errorthat final u is read as uo and add new errors that they increase head vowel u,readfinals i and u as ie and ue and read finals i and u as ei and ou.People of the third-level grade B in Putonghua have the error that final u is read as uo,other errors are thesame as the third-level grade A.People of the non-classified in Putonghua don't increase er.?.In the aspect of confusion of the front nasal finals and the back nasal finals:People of the second-level grade A in Putonghua can't distinguish between an andang,in and ing,en and eng,un and iong,uen and ueng.People of the second-levelgrade B in Putonghua add new error that they can't distinguish between uan anduang.People of the third-level grade A and the third-level grade B in Putonghua arethe same as the second-level grade B.People of the non-classified in Putonghua haveno error that an and ang are confused.Secondly,the defect types of the Kazakh Putonghua finals.People of the second-level grade A in Putonghua show that the labializationdegree of final u isn't enough;the pronunciation of the essential vowels of finals ie,uo and iie is high;the pronunciation of the essential vowel a is also high.People of the second-level grade B in Putonghua add new defects that the pronunciation of theessential vowel of final ei is high and the terminal sound of final ao is low.People ofthe third-level grade A in Putonghua are the same as the second-level grade B.Peopleof the third-level grade B in Putonghua add new defect that the pronunciation of theessential vowel of final ou is high.People of the non-classified in Putonghua add newdefect that the pronunciation of the terminal sound of final iao is low.From the listening results,there are more error types and error rates than defecttypes and defect rates.The confusion of the front nasal finals and the back nasal finalsoccupies the highest error rates,the reduction and exchange are next,and the additionis the lowest.In general,the number of types of the biased errors reaches the highestat the third-level grade B,and there is a slight decrease in the non-classified;thenumber of the biased errors is highest at the third-level grade A,and graduallydecreases at the third-level grade B and the non-classified.This paper guesses this isinfluenced by the amount of recognized characters of different grades.The paper also supplements and illustrates the pronunciation defects of theKazakh Putonghua finals through acoustic experiments.The experimental resultsshow that the pronunciation defects of finals are mainly caused by poor pronunciationand lack of movement.On the basis mentioned above,this paper analyzes the causes of the biased errors:in the Kazakh Putonghua finals,including the negative transfer of mother tongue,thegeneralization of the target language rules,the confusion of the easy mixed finals,thesubjective factors of learners and other reasons.At the same time,this paper putsforward the corresponding teaching strategies.