A Study Of Affixes In Shandong Lanling Dialect

Lanling dialect belongs to Xilu Section of Zhongyuan Mandarin.Its affixes are abundant,especially nouns,verbs and adjectives.A systematic study of the noun,verb and adjective affixes in Lanling dialect is beneficial to a more comprehensive understanding.The grammatical features of Lanling dialect promote the further development of the study of Lanling dialect.This paper is mainly divided into five parts:The first part is the introduction.This part first introduces the geographical characteristics and historical evolution of Lanling,summarizes the phonological system of Lanling dialect;secondly,combs the general situation,significance and research methods of affixes in Lanling dialect,and explains the source of corpus in this paper;finally,describes the definition,characteristics and classification criteria of affixes,which paves the way for the study of affixes in Lanling dialect.The second part studies the noun affixes in Lanling dialect.From the perspective of syntactic function and semantic characteristics,this paper describes and explores the noun prefix "Lao","Yang","Er",compares them with Putonghua and other dialects,then it concludes that noun prefixes have the characteristics of forming nouns,distinguishing semantics and adding derogatory meanings;from the aspects of syntactic function and semantic characteristics,this paper analyses and explores the noun suffix "Zi","Tou","Touzi","Zhong" and so on,and explores the grammatical development process of "Touzi".the thesis compares the noun suffixes of Lanling dialect with Putonghua and other dialects,then it concludes that noun suffixes have the characteristics of forming nouns,indicating part-of-speech categories,distinguishing semantics and adding derogatory meanings.The third part studies the verb affixes of Lanling dialect.From the perspective of syntactic function and semantic function,this paper studies the verb prefix "Ge","Hu","Pu",compares the verb prefix of Lanling dialect with other dialects,then it concludes that such affixes have the semantic characteristics of distinguishing semantics and expressing action’s arbitrariness,length of time.From the perspective of syntactic function and semantic characteristics,it explores the verb suffix "Bu","L(?)","You","Da" and "Chi",and explores the diachronic process of "Da",makes a comparative study of the verb suffixes "Bu","L(?)" and "You" in Lanling dialect,then it concludes that verb suffixes have the semantic characteristics of distinguishing semantics and expressing the arbitrariness and repetition of actions.The fourth part studies the adjective affixes in Lanling dialect.From the perspective of word-formation form,syntactic function and semantic characteristics,this paper analyses and studies adjective prefixes such as "Jing","Xi","Ting","Cui","Feng","Xia",and so on.Through the synchronic comparative study,it is concluded that adjective prefixes have the characteristics of forming compound words,indicating part of speech categories and deepening the degree of adjectives;From the perspective of word-formation form,syntactic function and semantic characteristics,this paper probes into the adjective suffixes such as "Hu","Hude","Bulajide","eshang" and "Musuosuode" and so on,it also compares the adjective suffixes "Hu" and"Hude" in Lanling dialect,it concludes that adjective suffixes have the characteristics of forming multi-syllable compound words,indicating part-of-speech categories and adding emotional color.The fifth part is the conclusion.This part mainly summarizes the characteristics of noun affixes,verb affixes and adjective affixes,and points out the shortcomings of the paper.