Research On The Governors And Officials Of The "Qiao Eunuch" In The Yongzheng Period Of Qing Dynasty

"Obsequious politician" means who are good at flattery and speculation.In the feudal monarchy era,it was evident that the evaluation from the upper emperors determined the fate of officials.However,"obsequious politician" as a political evaluation,then involves the issue of evaluation criteria.In Yongzheng dynasty,the "obsequious politician" were mainly local governors,as the people under the "obsequious politician" governors,the local people praised the local governors,contrary to the image of the "obsequious politician" governors rejected by Yongzheng Emperor.For the evaluation of local governors,there are obvious differences between the emperor and the people.Therefore,clarifying the criteria of official and folk evaluation,that is exploring the causes of Yongzheng emperor's reprimanding of "obsequious politician" governors,is of great help to analyze the image of governors and deepen the understanding of Yongzheng dynasty's official governance.Therefore,the article takes the "obsequious politician" governors as the research center to explore the relationship between Yongzheng dynasty's local official governance and official reform,which is helpful to deepen the understanding of Yongzheng dynasty's political culture.In the early years of Yongzheng dynasty,there were many political crises,especially the imperial clan clique formed by the battle of the emperor,which posed a great threat to the politics in the early years of Yongzheng dynasty.The clique adherents of Yunsi were still consolidated both inside and outside the court,obstructing political affairs and contradicting Yongzheng dynasty's politics.Therefore,it became an important task of Yongzheng dynasty politics to eliminate the clique adherents of Yunsi Group both inside and outside the court.In addition,the contradiction between Manchu and Han officials in the late Kangxi period can not be ignored.Under the policy of"revering Manchu first" in the Qing dynasty,the expansion of Han officials' power is undoubtedly a challenge to Manchu officials.Thus,Emperor Yongzheng was more alert to Han officials,that is,officers in the imperial examinations in Yongzheng dynasty.Yongzheng dynasty's "obsequious politician" governor took place in these two political backgrounds,but combined with Yongzheng Emperor's appointment of governor and governor's official achievements,mainly taking Liangjiang governor Zha Bina,Yungui governor Yang Mingshi and Jiangsu governor Zhang Kai as examples,we can find that Zha Bina,Yang Mingshi and Zhang Kai took many measures to benefit the people,had strategy and outstanding achievements.They were all excellent local governors.Therefore,the political significance behind Yongzheng Emperor's rectification of Governors Cha Bina,Yang Mingshi and Zhang Kai deserves special attention.By consulting the historical records of Yongzheng Shilu,Zhupi memorials and Yuzhi,we can find that Emperor Yongzheng's attitude towards governors Chabina,Yang Mingshi and Zhangkai has changed from trust to suspicion,then denouncing them as "obsequious politician".With the passage of time and the change of political situation,the change of Emperor Yongzheng's attitude towards governors Cha Bina,Yang Mingshi and Zhang Kai was related to the political crisis in the early years of Yongzheng.Because the governors Cha Bina,Yang Mingshi and Zhang Kai all had connection with the Yunsi Group or the officials of imperial examinations,and then they were all regarded as obstacles to centralization by Yongzheng Emperor.Therefore,Yongzheng Emperor had used the political purpose of cracking down on the wing of the clique when he rectified the "obsequious politician" governor.In the early years of Yongzheng dynasty,Yongzheng Emperor combines political struggle with local official,especially the officials associated with the Yunsi group.From this point of view,Yongzheng Emperor was clearing up the clique adherents of Yunsi group in an all-round way.At the same time,Yongzheng Emperor has intensified the deployment of trusted ministers to control the local government,and unified the local bureaucratic personnel adjustment with local governance.In a word,in the early years of Yongzheng dynasty,through Yongzheng Emperor's isolation and the threat of the monarchy's downward movement,the rectification of official affairs carried out by Yongzheng Emperor aimed at building the monarchy-minister relationship within and outside the court,strengthening the imperial power,controlling the officials and bureaucrats,and establishing the monarchy's authority,so as to realize the purpose of centralization and autocracy.