Sorting And Research Of Song And Yuan Land Bonds In Fuzhou, Jiangxi

The underworld certification had been widely used as funeral objects during the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.Moreover,the certification of underworld of Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty has been excavated in large number in Fuzhou,Jiangxi Province.Thus,the dissertation put focus on 269 pieces of underworld certification from Fuzhou,Jiangxi,which now collected by Minzu Museum of Minzu University of China.My researches are mainly based on the following parts:the classifications of underground certifications,the origination of underground certifications and summary of gods and laws in Taoism.In the classification of underground certification,I,firstly,classified underground certifications into three types:Type A is mainly used as contracts which is purchasing graveyards from gods;Type B is mainly used for telling gods to protect the graveyard-owners;Type C is written the life of graveyard-owners.Secondly,I continuous divided Type A into two models——official style models during Song Dynasty and Jiangxi style models according by the different writing patterns.Finally,subdivided Jiangxi style models into‘gathering herbals(flowers)'patterns and 'snake and rats' patterns,which names are the cause of death(it's virtual)written in the Type A underground certification.In the origination of underground certifications,I discussed from published underground certifications to find the beginning of Type A and summary my viewpoint in the following three sentences:(1)the original underground certifications of official style models were popularized in Hunan and Guangdong in Five Dynasties:(2)'gathering herbals' patterns were created in Jiangxi in Five Dynasties whose ranges were limited in Jiangxi,‘gathering flowers'patterns were originated at Hefei,Anhui in Five Dynasties and were introduced into Jiangxi lately;(3)'rats and snakes' patterns may have related to Dengs' Family who was a Taoism family famous in Tang Dynasty.In summary of gods and laws in Taoism,I summary gods and laws written in three types then make charts by using these data.And thanks for the summarization,I found the gods in Type A had been gradually systematize and modularity.The gods existed in Type B mostly were the gods of burial places,by connect the hometown and the burial places,I found that people preferred buried in the place nearby their home.