1902-1937, A Study Of The New Elementary Education Of The Hui Nationality In Beijing

Since the Ming and Qing dynasties,a number of Hui minority people’s communities have formed in the inner and outer cities,the Guanxiang and suburbs area in Beijing.At the end of the Qing dynasty,with the modern education transformation in China,new-style education came into being,various levels new-type schools began to appear,among which,primary schools had the largest number and the widest influential ranges.At this time,the private school was flourishing,and new-style primary schools also began to appear in the Hui minority people’s communities.1908,the first new-style primary school self-run by Hui minority people appeared in the Niujie area,namely the Jingshi islamic public first two-class primary school.The school was accepted by the Jingshi school administration bureau in 1912,and officially became a school funded by authority.School.After founding of the Republic of China,the state continued to encourage private schools,and many new primary schools have emerged in the Hui people’s communities,with various school running forms,including guild primary schools,affiliated primary schools and short-term primary schools.New Hui middle schools such as Northwest Public School and Chengda Normal School,which appeared in the late 1920s,all set primary schools department up and have strong social as well as stable funding sources,attracting many weak primary schools to move closer,to be merged or transformed.When these primary schools become affiliated primary schools,they receive a fixed monthly subsidy from secondary schools,which provides a solid foundation for their operations.In the 1930s,under the promotion of the national compulsory education policy,a group of short-term primary schools also began to appear in the Hui people’s communities.These new-style primary schools,which are privately run and operated,have their studying establishments in Hui communities.As a ritual expert in the traditional Hui society,Imam used the mosque public property to set up school in the mosque and attracted many Hui children to attend school to receive new education.People from the Hui military,political,and business sectors also participated to support the establishment of new schools.Although the Hui new-style elementary school retains some traditional Hui culture,such as teaching Arabic language courses,off in the Friday afternoon,etc.,its enrollment stick to "acceptance regardless of Han or Hui,no distinctions",which has,to some extent,broken the barriers between Hui and Han and brought them closer together.The new Hui elementary school,which appeared in 1902-1937,is different from the traditional education that specialized in teaching children’s Arabic spelling and reading,and national daily life etiquette in the Hui society in the past.They are founded to satisfy the national education needs,cultivating new talents,under the background of education reform,thus they are the product of the development of the times.However,these new-style primary schools,which were established under the background of compulsory education in the country,mostly require studying for 4 years,have paid too much attention to teach children knowledge from books and ignored the cultivation of their practical skills,that lead to the situation,which is most students become "unemployed after graduation".