An Experimental Study On The Tones Of The Xihua Dialect In Henan

Xihua county belongs to Zhoukou City,Henan Province.Xihua dialect belongs to ZhongyuanMandarin.Based on the first-hand data obtained through field investigation,this paper takes phonetics and phonological theories such as tone pattern theory as the theoretical basis,and comprehensively uses field investigation,phonetic experiment,comparative analysis and other methods to conduct experimental research on the tone of Xihua dialect in terms of mono-syllable and bi-syllable.This paper summarizes the tone characteristics and tone variation rules of Xihua dialect,and explores the variation of the single tone and the origin of the disyllabic variation in Xihua dialect.The results show that there are four tone types in Xihua dialect,including Yin Ping,Yang Ping,Shangsheng and Qusheng,and two tone variants of Qusheng.Among them,the tone of YinPing is a rising tone,and its tone pitch is recorded as 24;the tone of YangPing is descending tone and its tone value is recorded as 52;The tone of Shangsheng is flat and its value is 44;Qusheng 1 is a descending tone with a tone value of 51,and Qusheng 2 is a zigzag tone with a tone value of 314.The duration mode of single tone is: Qusheng 2 >Shangsheng >YinPing >YangPing >Qusheng 1.There are three kinds of changes of bi-syllable tone in Xihua dialect:(1)The former is changed while the latter is unchanged.For example,when YinPing is in front ofYangPing,its tone type changes from rising tone to falling tone.(2)The former is the same as the latter.When the Shangsheng is behind the Qusheng,its tone pattern will change from flat tone to rising tone.(3)The tone patterns of the front and back words change.When YinPing + Shangsheng,the former is changed from rising tone to falling tone,and the back changes from the original flat tone to the rising tone.The duration mode of the former of bi-syllable is: YinPing > YangPing > Qusheng > Shangsheng,that is,rising tone > falling tone > flat tone.The duration mode of the latter character is: YinPing > Shangsheng > YangPing > Qusheng,that is,rising tone> flat tone > falling tone.The change of tone pattern has an effect on the duration mode of the former bi-syllable tone in Xihua dialect,but doesn't affect the mode of latter.This is closely related to the magnitude of the modulation change.The variation of the new school Xihua dialect's single tone is unbalanced in each tone.The unbalanced state of this change is mainly related to the similarity of each tone of Xihua dialect and Mandarin,Too large or too small similarity will make it difficult to mutate.On the one hand,it reflects the influence of Mandarin on Xihua dialect,on the other hand,it shows the stability of Xihua dialect as an independent voice system.The difference of tonal domain between male and female in Xihua dialect is smaller than that of tonal domain that tonal system.The mode of tone domain of single tone is: falling tone > rising tone > zigzag tone > flat tone.The difference is that men's Yang flat tone has the largest span of tonal domain,and women's Qusheng has the largest span of tonal domain.The span mode of the former word of the double tone is: Qusheng > YangPing > YinPing > Shangsheng;The span mode of thelatter is:YangPing > Qusheng > YinPing > Shangsheng,It is the largest tuning span of both the descending tone and the smallest tuning span of the flat tone.The span patterns of the tonal domains of the bi-syllable of men and women are consistent,however,the difference is that the upper and lower limits of tonal range of female speakers are generally higher than that of male speakers.