Research On Housing Problems In Kibera Slums In Nairobi

Slum housing is a worldwide problem.According to the "Slum Challenges-Global Human Settlements Report" issued by UN-HABITAT in 2003,the number of people living in slums around the world is increasing,and there are about712 million in 1993.The number of people living in poverty assessed by the Urban Population Plan in 2001 is about 837 million,which is an increase of more than 100 million.While slums are mainly distributed in developing countries,at present,Africa is the world's most slum area except Asia.Kibera is the second largest urban in Africa,and their formation and development are representative.The slums housing problem in the Kibera is getting worse and worse.The most obvious manifestations are the deterioration of housing conditions and the difficulties in governance.Based on the formation and development of kibera slums and the governance of the the Kenyan government,this article is divided into three parts.This study aims to explore the reasons why kibera go from a residential area to a slum since 1928,discuss the governance measures of the kenyan government and the reasons for governance difficulties.This study consists of three parts.The first part is the first chapter,which mainly explains the background of the Kibera residential area.Kibera is only five kilometers away from the center of Nairobi.At first,it is a forest,at that time,the British colonists allow the Nubian veterans of the African rifle team and their family to settle in Kibera in order to reward them.With the development of the city of Nairobi,Kibera is closer to Nairobi.Some people who work in Nairobi and cannot afford the rent have come to Kibera to find accommodation.During the colonial period,the authorities resticted Kibera's population,as a result,the growth of Kibera's population is limited.After Kenya's independence in 1963,the original restrictions ceased to exist.Since then,Kibera's population growth has been out of control,and housing conditions have gradually deteriorated.Then kibera has become overcrowed due to the large increase in population,and eventually it became a slum.The second chapter is the second part of this research,which mainly discussesthe deteriorating housing conditions in the Kibera slums.The houses in Kibera are mostly simple shacks with poor quality.The infrastructure is also very poor,and the road is completely muddy dirt road.Besides,there is no running water supply,there are few toilets,litter can be seen everywhere,and the living environment is extremely bad.Then the reasons for the deteriration of housing conditions in the kibera slums are analyzed.And next,the impact of deteriorating housing conditions isdiscussed from four aspects:slum fires,disease epidemics,violent crimes,and social barries.The last part,Chapter III,deals with the governance of the Kibera slum housing problem by the Kenyan government.Reviewing the history of the Kenyan government's governance,in Kenyan governments' view,Kibera slums is an illegal settlements,and they adopted an unrecognized attitude from Kenya's independence to2000.During this period,the Kenyan government's governance of Kibera was small-scale,and what should be of concern is that in the 1970 s,the government initiated a slum housing self-help program,which was designed to provide good housing conditions for local residents.However,the plan ended up finally.After 2000,the United Nations paid more attention to the problem of slums in the world and put forward the "Millennium Declaration".In this context,the international community paid attention to slums in Kibera.Some international organizations such as the World Bank,the Swedish International Development Agency,and Kenya Governments work together to support the Kenyan government in improving slum issues.As a result,the Kenyan government proposed a slum upgrading and upgrading plan,and began to improve the governance of slums on a larger scale.Nearly 20 years later,the problem of Kibera slums is still serious.In addition,this study discusses the participation of civil society organizations in the upgrading of slums,analyzes the challenges facing the upgrading of Kibera slums,and discusses the reasons governance difficulties of Kibera slum housing.In short,the housing problem of Kibera slums has not been solved because of the development of Kenyan society.On the contrary,with the further development of Kenya's urbanization,the slums in its country are expanding.Although the Kenyan government has taken some measures to improve the lives of slum dwellers to some extent,it has not fundamentally solved this social problem,and its slum governance remains difficult.