| At the end of the Qing dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,the new beekeeping method was introduced into China along with the technology and equipment of beekeeping.With the rural economy on the verge of collapse and the country's huge sugar trade leakage,the new bee industry has been given a major mission to revive the rural economy and save the national interest.Jiangsu,Zhejiang and north China took the lead in promoting new methods of beekeeping,forming two important beekeeping centers in the south and north.At the end of 1920 s,the new bee industry in north China once flourished and set off a national beekeeping upsurge.However,the bee industry of the Republic of China,repeatedly fall into development difficulties,and the crisis was severe.On the selection and manufacture of bee species,domestic beekeepers compared Chinese traditional bee species with Italian bee species.Under the trend that the new beekeeping method was generally recognized,the national bees wasn't improved in time,the honey source of the traditional bee farm and the honey market were also invaded and squeezed by the new bee farm,and the development of the traditional bee industry declined gradually.At the same time,in the process of the rapid development of the new bee species,there also appeared the phenomenon of excessive sealing regardless of the quality of bee species,speculation and scalping,which led to the soaring price and rampant bee disease in north China,and almost completely became a speculative enterprise for the purpose of sealing bee species.In terms of honey production and distribution,beekeepers had to relocate due to the uneven distribution of honey plants in different regions and the impact of climate disasters.However,due to inadequate knowledge of townspeople and improper handling by local officials,the bee industry disputes continued,the public's psychological rejection of bees gradually increased,and the bee farms suffered heavy losses.After the bee species speculation and reselling trend,beekeepers paid attention to honey collection,which resulted in excess domestic honey production.Under the influence of various factors such as the inability of the Chinese people,high tariffs and freight rates,weak cooperation organizations and poor market information,the new type of honey was manipulated by honey drug companies and backlogged in competition.In order to get rid of the predicament,the national government and civil society took a series of rescue measures.On the one hand,the government actively advocatedand promoted new beekeeping in the vast rural areas,cultivated beekeeping technical talents and promulgated measures to reward and protect beekeeping.On the other hand,private beekeepers spontaneously set up beekeeping associations,published and issued beekeeping publications,called for the relief of rural areas and the revival of beekeeping,thus forming an intermediate protection organization that could not only exchange Suggestions with the authorities,but also popularize guidance to the public.At the same time,on the specific issues such as bee species import,disease inspection,transportation protection,bee tax exemption and disputes over the transfer of land from honey sources,non-governmental organizations actively coordinated and interacted with official agencies to gradually define the rules for bee industry development and inspection,making the bee industry protection mechanism more specific and reasonable,and to some extent alleviating the crisis of bee industry development.However,these rescue measures were not really implemented in practice.For example,the inspection agencies needed complicated procedures and made it difficult for others,the national agricultural agencies rarely did anything,the rural rehabilitation committee had not implemented its work,and most of the cooperative workers had a utilitarian purpose.As a result,the crisis of the bee industry was not completely eliminated,and the bee industry eventually stagnated in the war. |
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