The Origin Of Avvisi In Early Modern Venice

In the "early modern" stage of the Europe history—the 14th century to late 18th century,the Republic of Venice stood out in the Mediterranean and in the wider Europe.Politically,the country's domestic republican system ensured a steady and efficient domestic political situation,and its foreign policies also helped it has a peace and stable development momentum in the complex,fragile and changeable environment.Economically,since the 12th century,the Republic of Venice had been the economic center of the Mediterranean region and even in the Europe,known as the "Queen of the Eastern Mediterranean",and Venice was a densely populated hub.People of different languages and religions live in Venice for long or short periods of time,providing valuable information to Venice's urban network and gaining access to local information about Venice.In this way,Venice became the center of the European news information market,and also became a fertile ground—variety of people communicate political news,exchanged all kinds of news information,intelligence information in there.The country had a medium for disseminating information during Europe's"early modern" period:avvisi.It was produced or received by members of the Republic of Venice,and it conveyed political,military,economic and other information,and was a regular newsletter developed on the basis of diplomatic news dissemination practices.Based on the specific history and characteristics of the early modernity,this essay takes the Venetian avvisi as the research object,and analyzes its characteristics,the main spreader of type,the macro-motivation and influence of development.The study found that there are two types of avvisi:"avvisi pubblici",which were disseminated among the public.And "avvisi secreti",which were distributed among a small number of people,which main spreaders were Senior personnel of the government,diplomats and businessmen from the Republic of Venice.The authors of "avvisi secreti" only recorded the incident and the location of the incident without signing the avvisi to reveal his or her identity.Avvisi does not yet have the characteristics of modern newspapers,but it already has the characteristics that individual newspapers should have.On the one hand,it mainly carries news,which records the political,economic and military news that is emerging.On the other hand,it has been regularly "released" continuously.Moreover,avvisi is not the same as the tabloid gazette of his time.The macro-political,economic environment and postal systems throughout Europe in which the Republic of Venice were located provided the impetus for the long-term existence and dissemination of avvisi.The Republic needed to use avvisi to transmit information and instructions within political institutions and diplomatic ambassadors,and it also needed businessmen to bring news to the country through avvisi.In addition,the political and social value of handwritten information were protected by the fact that the form of handwriting guarantees the confidentiality and efficiency of the delivery of information.Therefore,the Venetian avvisi can be mainly in the form of handwriting for a long time,and become an important part of the maintenance of the stability and daily operation of the republic of Venice,but also promoted the exchange and sharing of information between countries and regions.To sum up,this paper attempts to restore the whole picture of this not widely understood thing by studying the background,type,content,audience and communication characteristics of the Early Modern Venice Republic's handwritten news letter.