| The way of livelihood is closely related to the natural environment people live in.In recent years,with the acceleration of the fight against poverty,the reform of the rural economic system,the integration of modern economic life into rural society,and the transformation of the poor areas by the country under the strategy of rural revitalization,one A series of activities such as ecological improvement,going to the countryside with science and technology,and social assistance have driven the development of the rural industry under the state power policy and social support,as well as the farmers' own consciousness.The traditional livelihood methods have also undergone earth-shaking changes.Changes are accompanied by opportunities and challenges,and have a distinct background and practical significance.This paper selects Huaxi Village,Zhongyi Township,Shizhu County,Chongqing City as a case study to explore the process of livelihood change in this traditional Tujia village in the hinterland of the Wuling Mountains from the traditional backward livelihood methods decades ago to the coexistence of modern multiple livelihood models.The Wuling Mountain area here refers to the area where Wuling Mountain and the rest of the veins(including the mountain range,including small basins and hills,etc.),adjacent to the four provinces(cities)of Hunan,Hubei,Chongqing and Guizhou with Tujia,Miao and Dong as the main body It is located in the hinterland of central China,with an area of more than 150,000 square kilometers.It is one of the 14 “concentrated contiguous areas in China” currently in existence in China.Huaxi Village is a traditional Tujia village that lives in the hinterland of Wuling Mountain.Due to the special geographical environment of Wuling Mountain and the customs of ethnic minorities,Tujia here has formed a difference from the Han people 's livelihood and survives here The people of Tujia have maintained a traditional compound livelihood method integrating farming,fishing,hunting and gathering for a long time.This article is based on the background of the “13th Five-Year Plan” after the reform and opening up to 2020 to achieve a comprehensive well-off society.The tremendous changes in rural areas are viewed from a macro perspective.Through field investigations,the unique traditional livelihood methods of Huaxi Village are sorted out.In the 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China,the changes in livelihood methods in the contemporary Tujia area dominated by Huaxi Village have been studied,with a view to discovering the causes of their changes and demonstrating the development of the market economy in the context of rapid social development and gradual progress of the times.Gradually expanding the scope of people-to-people interactions,Tujia people in Huaxi Village have more and more interactions with the outside world.Under the dual influence of natural and social environmental changes,different livelihood methods also provide local people with more choices.Of course,the changes in livelihood methods have also caused changes in the local social structure.This change has greatly affected the Tujia area's culture,social awareness and other aspects.The main body of the paper is divided into five parts: the first part introduces the basic situation of Huaxi Village,such as the general situation of natural geography,historical evolution,folk custom,social situation and economic situation;the second part describes the traditional agricultural livelihood mode of Huaxi Village,including agricultural planting,family sideline and artisan;the third part introduces the modern and diversified of Huaxi Village In terms of the way of livelihood,people improve their poor and backward living conditions and increase their economic income through the poverty alleviation industries of traditional Chinese medicine planting,fruit planting,trunk cash crop planting and Chinese bee breeding.The fourth part analyzes the dynamic mechanism of livelihood transformation in Huaxi Village,which is closely related to the operation of government policies,the development of market economy,the improvement of infrastructure and the wishes of farmers The fifth part elaborates the influence of the change of livelihood mode of Huaxi Village on Huaxi village from the aspects of material civilization,interpersonal communication,social consciousness and national cultural resources.It is found that the modern transformation of livelihood in Huaxi village can be achieved by external forces,including the operation of government policies,the development of market economy,the improvement of infrastructure and other external forces,especially the operation of government policies.Therefore,on the basis of field investigation,the diversity of livelihood in Huaxi village is summarized and analyzed,including the livelihood mode with the characteristics of Huaxi Village after external intervention,Chinese herbal medicine planting,fruit planting,trunk cash crop planting and Chinese bee breeding,as well as rural tourism with the development of these industries.There are several basic steps for Huaxi village to complete the transformation of modern Livelihood: first,the government,in combination with the local ecological environment,selects the economic crops suitable for planting according to local conditions,and mobilizes the enthusiasm of villagers through policy subsidies in land transfer,stock cooperation and industrial development;second,the government takes the lead in introducing relevant enterprises and carrying out technology promotion and training in relevant industries in the local area,The third is the positive response of local villagers to participate in the industrial development through industrial management and protection,development of rural tourism,independent entrepreneurship and other forms.Some principles should be followed in this process: enterprises should actively promote cooperation with local governments and actively undertake corresponding social responsibilities;local governments should integrate local ecological environment,develop industries according to local conditions,and try to reach harmony with natural ecological environment in policy making;local villagers should actively change their own ideas,not be complacent and actively cooperate According to the call of the local government,we should contribute our own strength in the industrial development and participate in the local industrial development;for the local government,we should carefully select the introduced enterprises,formulate detailed and reasonable operation procedures,formulate corresponding incentive policies,set up special funds,give full play to the overall role of the government,and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the introduced enterprises and villagers.In view of the introduction of enterprises and farmers with better industrial development,as well as providing corresponding policy support in solving the livelihood of poor households,through the regulatory role of the government,guiding the direction of industrial development,promoting local employment of villagers,etc.,to achieve the sustainable development of local livelihood after modern transformation,and ultimately achieve the purpose of poverty alleviation and decapitation,and also for the modern development of ethnic villages The exhibition path provides reference. |
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